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unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

major native groups in north america


A

pueblo, dakota, iroquois

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2
Q

pueblo people settled in the __________, dakota in the _____________, and iroquois in the _______.

A

southwest, center (great plains), northeast.

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3
Q

pueblo characteristics


A

permanent structures, farmers, one of the largest native settlements, one of the first encountered by the Spanish.

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4
Q

dakota characteristics


A

largely nomadic (follow the buffalo), mobile housing, hunting and gathering.

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5
Q

iroquois characteristics


A

semi-permanent settlements, farming and hunting and gathering.

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6
Q

columbian exchange


A

exchange of disease, crops, farming practices, etc between the americas and europe.

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7
Q

encomienda system


A

a spanish system where natives were given to colonists to use for labor.

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8
Q

pueblo revolt


A

pueblo people get angry with spanish treatment so they kill and attack spaniards. they panic and move to santa fe where pueblo lay siege so they flee to mexico. return 12 years later with much more respect (more than the english).

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9
Q

primogeniture


A

oldest son inherits all family property or land.

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10
Q

predestination

A

the puritan belief that God predisposes whether a person shall be saved or damned.

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11
Q

joint stock companies

A

started by king james I. private investors partly fund a company and receive a portion of the profits from that company.

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12
Q

john smith


A

saves jamestown by taking leadership. “those who shall not work shall not eat.”

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13
Q

john rolfe


A

saves jamestown the second time because it was making no profit before he found harvesting of tobacco in 1616.

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14
Q

elizabeth key


A

fought for and eventually won her freedom. then a virginia statute was created declaring that a child’s freedom depends on their mother’s.

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15
Q

three types of colonies


A

tribute, plantation, and neo-europe.

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16
Q

tribute colonies


A

mexico and peru. relied initially on native people’s wealth and labor.

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17
Q

plantation colonies


A

produced sugar and other tropical crops by bound labor.

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18
Q

neo-europes


A

approximate economies and social structures from home.

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19
Q

maryland act for religious tolerance


A

allowed christians to follow their beliefs.

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20
Q

the act for the better ordering and governing of negroes

A

in 1661, established on the islands.

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21
Q

beaver wars


A

iroquois get guns from dutch merchants and kill many other natives.

22
Q

pilgrim

A

protestants seeking separation from the church of england. led by william bradford, also the second governor of plymouth.

23
Q

puritan

A

protestants that did not separated from the church of england but hoped to purify it of catholicism. belief that God is good, people are bad, predestination, and visible saints.

24
Q

john winthrop


A

led the puritan exodus, founded the massachusetts bay colony, developed the idea of city upon a hill.

25
Q

roger williams


A

banished in 1636 because he supported toleration, praised the pilgrims’ for their separation, wanted more separation of church and state, and questioned the puritan seizure of native land. he and his followers founded providence and obtained rhode island in 1644.

26
Q

puritan revolution


A

scottish army and puritans invade england to demand religious reform. victorious by 1649 and king charles I is beheaded.

27
Q

yeoman societies


A

puritan colonizers wanted to live close together in self-governing societies to escape their past lives. middle class.

28
Q

mayflower compact


A

set up a self government for the plymouth colony, first agreement for self government in america.

29
Q

house of burgesses


A

established in virginia in 1619, first elected legislative assembly in america.

30
Q

indentured servant


A

a person whose voyage is paid for, then would serve the funder for usually seven years.

31
Q

anglicans

A

church of england made by henry VIII after leaving catholicism.

32
Q

bacon’s rebellion 


A

1675-1676. economic conflicts and lack of government support led bacon and his men to march on the capital. they were crushed, but prompted reforms.

33
Q

navigation act


A

passed from 1650 to 1660, required certain english colonial goods to be handled by and shipped through England to benefit english merchants.

34
Q

dominion of new england

A

james II merged all colonies into this and took away many freedoms.

35
Q

glorious revolution 


A

james II overthrown and whigs force new royalty to accept the declaration of rights and create a constitutional monarchy, enhancing the house of commons power.

36
Q

john locke

A

philosopher that said legitimacy of government relies on the governed, and all people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

37
Q

salutary neglect


A

colonies avoided parliament laws meant to keep them obedient to england. chaos (charles I and civil war) lead the colonies to grow more independent and they don’t want to let go of that.

38
Q

south atlantic system


A

new agricultural and commercial order producing sugar, tobacco, rice etc. run by europeans and worked by african slaves.

39
Q

middle passage


A

routes slave ships used to transport slaves. people died from disease, suicide, or because of uprisings.

40
Q

house of burgesses


A

established in virginia in 1619. first representative self government in the colonies.

41
Q

maryland act for religious tolerance


A

maryland was meant to be a catholic colony, but many protestants and other religions showed up. created this law to allow freedom of worship.

42
Q

black codes


A

made in the islands and carried to carolinas, laws to control the slave population and maintain white superiority.

43
Q

massachusetts bay colony


A

many puritans come after king charles I becomes king.

44
Q

redemptioner system


A

used by germans coming to the middle colonies. did not sign an indentured servitude contract before leaving europe, but negotiated employment after arriving in america.

45
Q

quakers

A

members of the religious society of friends, a christian movement devoted to peaceful principles. formed pennsylvania.

46
Q

scots-irish


A

people originally from scotland but who had lived in ireland before migrating to america.

47
Q

new york

A

new amsterdam was taken over by the British and made into new york, major trading port and financial center of the colonies.

48
Q

salem witch trials


A

merchant classes have more money and farmers do not causing conflict, most likely being to root of the witchcraft accusations.

49
Q

beaver wars


A

iroquois backed by british vs algonquin backed by french.

50
Q

king phillip wars


A

natives last attempt to drive out colonists.

apush (11 decks)

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