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AP Chemistry > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a changes of state a physical or chemical change?

A

physical

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2
Q

schematic diagram

A

shows the differences in physical properties and particle arrangement between substances in solid, liquid, gas.

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3
Q

Gas->Liquid->Solid

what is temp, molecular motion, and molecular interactions

A

temp decreases
molecular motion decreases
molecular interactions increases

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4
Q

Physical changes : Distillation

A

separates substances based on boiling points

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5
Q

Physical changes: filtration

A

separates substance based on particle size

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6
Q

Physical changes: chromatography

A

(ink going up paper)
uses differences in intermolecular forces to separate substances

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7
Q

Physical changes: deformation

A

cutting, denting, tearing, stretching, etc

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8
Q

Making solutions is an example of

(but not a new substance with new properties)

A

physical change

(ex- salt and water)

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9
Q

Physical properties of physical change

A

shape, color, texture, flexibility, density, mass

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10
Q

Are physical or chemical changes reversible

A

no they are irreversible

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11
Q

physical properties of a chemical change

A

a precipitate
color change
light
change in temp
sounds
evolution (production) of a gas (bubbles)
formation of a new substance with new properties

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12
Q

A+BC–>AC+B

A

single ionic replacement

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13
Q

AB+CD–>AD+CB

A

double ionic replacement

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14
Q

Combustion in an equation

A

CH4+O2–>CO2+H2O

reactants= CH4 and O
products= CO2 and H2O

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15
Q

Redox
(reduction-oxidation)

A

reduction is when a substance gains electrons
oxidation is when a substance loses elections

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16
Q

OIL RIG

A

oxidation is loss
reduction is gain

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17
Q

WHAT ARE YOU GONNA GET ON THE CHEM QUIZ AND TEST

A

A 100!!!!!!!!!!!!!! LETS GOOOOOOOOOO

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18
Q

Is this chemical/physical
mixture/compound:
NaHCO3+CH3COOH->CH3COONa+H2O+CO2

A

chemical compound

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19
Q

Is this chemical/physical
mixture/compound:
C12 H22 O11–>12CO2+11H2O

A

Chemical compound

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20
Q

what are the 7 diatomic elements that are found like that in nature

A

Br2,I2,N2,Cl2,H2,O2,F2

(Brinclhof)

21
Q

SNAP ions

A

sodium, nitrate salts(NO3), ammonium(NH4), potassium

22
Q

If you have a snap ion in the equation you…

A

Always separate!

23
Q

if an element in an equation for a SNAP ion what is its denotation

A

(aq)

24
Q

what are the only denotation that means you separate the compound in an equation

A

(aq)

25
Q

What is the overall ionic equation for
NaCl(s)–>NaCl(aq)

A

NaCl(s)–>Na+(aq)+Cl-(aq)

26
Q

What is the overall ionic equation for
C6H12O6(s)–>C6H12O6(aq)

A

C6H12O6(s)–>C6H12O6(aq)
stays the same

27
Q

compunds that are (aq) that don’t separate

A

anything but weak acids or bases can be (aq) but dont seperate

28
Q

What else is (aq) but dont separate?

A

weak acids

29
Q

Weak acids

A

anything but the strong acids

30
Q

OH- changes to

A

H2O

31
Q

H3O+ changes to

A

H2O

32
Q

what are the 6 strong acids

A

hydrobromic acids HBr
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Hydroiodic acid HI
Nitric acid HNO3
Perchloric acid HCIO4
Sulfuric acid H2SO4

33
Q

What are the 7 strong bases

A

Lithium hydroxide LiOH
Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Potassium hydroxide KOH
Rubidium hydroxide RbOH
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2
Strontium hydroxide Sr(OH)2

(last three CBS)

34
Q

Argument that a physical process involves a chemical change

A

When salt is dissolved in water the ionic bonds between sodium (Na+) and Chloride (Cl-) ions are broken and new ion-dipole interactions are formed between the ion and the water.

35
Q

Label either physical or chemical and intermolecular or intramolecular:

CH3OH(l)->CH3OH(g)

A

physical/intermolecular

36
Q

Label either physical or chemical and intermolecular or intramolecular:

4Fe(s)+3O2(g)–>2Fe2O3(s)

A

chemical/intramolecular

37
Q

Label either physical or chemical and intermolecular or intramolecular:

2Al2O3(s)–>4Al(s)+2O2(g)

A

chemical/ intramolecular

38
Q

percent yield formula

A

actual yield/theoretical yied times 100

39
Q

conversion between 2 substances formulas

A

atoms—6.02*10^23—moles—mass–grams
I
22.4
I
volume

40
Q

titrant

A

solution with a known concentration (NHCl)

41
Q

Analyte

A

what youre measuring (acid)

42
Q

Jump in the titrant curve

A

big jump = equivalence point of mols titrant & analyte

43
Q

where is the equivalence point

A

in the middle of the jump line

44
Q

where is the excess reactant

A

lower line

45
Q

acids are

A

proton donors

46
Q

bases are

A

proton acceptors

47
Q

H2O is usually

A

a base

48
Q

Base changes to

A

conjugate acid (gained one proton)

49
Q

acid changes to

A

conjugate base (lost one proton)

AP Chemistry (9 decks)

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