Unit 2 Flashcards
electronegativity
how badly an atom wants to “hog” electrons
electronegativity trends
increases right and decreases down
what is the least and most electronegative elements
least- Fr
most-F
which column on the periodic table has no electronegativity?
the noble gas family (very last one on the right)
which column on the periodic table has the most electronegativity?
the halogen family (the one to the left of the noble gas)
why does electronegativity decrease when you go down?
when u go down the atoms get larger and further away from their nucleus so its easier for their electrons to be stolen
nonpolar covalent has what kind of electronegativity difference
zero
polar covalent has what kind of electronegativity difference
low
ionic bond has what kind of electronegativity difference
high
electron affinity
how much they “want” electrons
electron affinity trends
increases to the right (they want to form octet) and decreases down (they get weaker the lower u go)
cations attract electrons?
smaller
more positive force
attracts fewer electrons
anion attract electrons?
bigger
less positive force
more electron repulsions (distance between nucleus and electrons)
attracts more electrons
ionization energy
energy required to remove an electron
(gas phase)
ionization energy trends
increases right
decreases down
elements of the same family=
similar properties bc have same number of valence electrons
ionic bonds
-mental-nonmetal
-give electrons
covalent bonds
-nonmetal-nonmetal
-share electrons
2 types of covalent bonds
POLAR
-unequal sharing (bent)
NONPOLAR
-equal sharing
How are alloys formed
solution of metal and metal
metalic bonds
metal-metal
good conductors
mixture called an alloy
electronegativity difference between nonpolar and polar
nonpolar = <0.5
polar = 0.5-1.7
electronegativity difference between ionic
> 1.7