Unit 3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Intermolecular forces - weaker

A

they spread apart

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2
Q

as boiling point increases

A

intermolecular force increases

because it will use the most energy to break apart

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3
Q

what is an ideal gas

A

a gas that its assumed theres no attraction between the molecules

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4
Q

what is a real gas

A

a gas when its cooled down theres more attraction between molecules

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5
Q

ideal gas law formula

A

PV=nRT

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6
Q

dipole

A

when a molecule has two opposite charges
electrons shared unevenly

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7
Q

dipole-dipole

A

the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of one polar molecule.

PERMANENT versions of london dispersion forces.

+1 <3 -1w

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8
Q

London dispersion forces

A

temporary fluctuating dipoles (hallways)

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9
Q

The larger the surface area of a molecule is…

A

the stronger the london dispersion forces are

bc then they have a better chance at reaching other molecules and interacting with them

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10
Q

polarizability

A

how easily the electron cloud of a molecule can be distorted (like when an electron are loosely held the molecule is more polarizable)

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11
Q

polarizability increases as

A

increasing number of electrons and the size of the electron cloud

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12
Q

dipole-induced dipole

A

polar-nonpolar

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13
Q

dipole-dipole

A

polar-polar

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14
Q

ion-dipole

A

ion-polar

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15
Q

WHAT ARE WE GETTING ON THIS TEST

A

10000000000000000000

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16
Q

LDF strength

17
Q

Dipole-dipole strength

18
Q

Hydrogen bond strength

19
Q

more electrons=

A

greater strength of LDF

20
Q

greater LDF & more electrons=

A

higher boiling point
and more polorizable

21
Q

if theres two of the same molecule (C5H12) but they are stuctured so one has more surface area than the other, why does the one thats bigger have a higher boiling point?

A

bc it has greater attraction bc
greater surface area=more contact between molecules

so greater attraction=more strength to break them apart to boil

22
Q

when theres two different molecules but they have the same size electron cloud, is the polar one or nonpolar one gonna have greater attraction

A

attraction between polar ones are greater bc nonpolar is just LDF and polar would be LDF and dipole-dipole which is stronger

23
Q

which one has a higher boiling point:
nonpolar molecule
or polar molecule

A

polar
bc it has LDF and dipole-dipole so its stronger than just the nonpolar with just LDF

24
Q

If theres a mixture of CCl4(g) and HCl(g) but then it goes from 600k to 340k temp
but CCl4 has condensed and changed from a gas to a liquid while HCl stays the same, which one has a higher boiling point?

A

CCl4 has the higher boiling point bc it already started to condense so it’s intermolecular forces are increased now and it’s stronger

25
S-O-S S-C-O identify their intermolecular forces
nonpolar, LDF polar, LDF, dipole-dipole
26
What trumps the intermolecular force strength rules?
the amount of electrons matter more than if its dipole-dipole or hydrogen or LDF
27
Br2 is nonpolar with larger electron cloud BrCl is polar with a smaller electron cloud Br2- 332K boiling point BrCl- 278K boiling point which one is stronger
Br2 is stronger, even though it is nonpolar, it has a larger electron cloud (more electrons) and its boiling point is larger so more attractive forces (polarizability)
28
what type of intermolecular force is responsible for the difference in boiling points in two molecules
LDFs
29
Larger LDF=
more attraction, higher boiling point
30
why cant nonpolar molecules bond with water
because they dont have the space to make partial charges, so it cant make the hydrogen bonds with water
31
"has more electrons so it has stronger attraction"
polarizability
32
Why is H-S-H weaker than H-O-H periodic table: O S
bc O has greater electronegativity than S
33
Br2= 332K 2BrCl=278K why does Br2 have a higher boiling point that 2BrCl
bc Br2 has more electrons, therefore greater polarizability