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AP Chemistry > Unit 3.1 > Flashcards

Unit 3.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Intermolecular forces - weaker

A

they spread apart

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2
Q

as boiling point increases

A

intermolecular force increases

because it will use the most energy to break apart

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3
Q

what is an ideal gas

A

a gas that its assumed theres no attraction between the molecules

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4
Q

what is a real gas

A

a gas when its cooled down theres more attraction between molecules

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5
Q

ideal gas law formula

A

PV=nRT

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6
Q

dipole

A

when a molecule has two opposite charges
electrons shared unevenly

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7
Q

dipole-dipole

A

the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of one polar molecule.

PERMANENT versions of london dispersion forces.

+1 <3 -1w

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8
Q

London dispersion forces

A

temporary fluctuating dipoles (hallways)

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9
Q

The larger the surface area of a molecule is…

A

the stronger the london dispersion forces are

bc then they have a better chance at reaching other molecules and interacting with them

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10
Q

polarizability

A

how easily the electron cloud of a molecule can be distorted (like when an electron are loosely held the molecule is more polarizable)

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11
Q

polarizability increases as

A

increasing number of electrons and the size of the electron cloud

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12
Q

dipole-induced dipole

A

polar-nonpolar

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13
Q

dipole-dipole

A

polar-polar

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14
Q

ion-dipole

A

ion-polar

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15
Q

WHAT ARE WE GETTING ON THIS TEST

A

10000000000000000000

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16
Q

LDF strength

A

weakest

17
Q

Dipole-dipole strength

A

medium

18
Q

Hydrogen bond strength

A

strongest

19
Q

more electrons=

A

greater strength of LDF

20
Q

greater LDF & more electrons=

A

higher boiling point
and more polorizable

21
Q

if theres two of the same molecule (C5H12) but they are stuctured so one has more surface area than the other, why does the one thats bigger have a higher boiling point?

A

bc it has greater attraction bc
greater surface area=more contact between molecules

so greater attraction=more strength to break them apart to boil

22
Q

when theres two different molecules but they have the same size electron cloud, is the polar one or nonpolar one gonna have greater attraction

A

attraction between polar ones are greater bc nonpolar is just LDF and polar would be LDF and dipole-dipole which is stronger

23
Q

which one has a higher boiling point:
nonpolar molecule
or polar molecule

A

polar
bc it has LDF and dipole-dipole so its stronger than just the nonpolar with just LDF

24
Q

If theres a mixture of CCl4(g) and HCl(g) but then it goes from 600k to 340k temp
but CCl4 has condensed and changed from a gas to a liquid while HCl stays the same, which one has a higher boiling point?

A

CCl4 has the higher boiling point bc it already started to condense so it’s intermolecular forces are increased now and it’s stronger

25
Q

S-O-S
S-C-O
identify their intermolecular forces

A

nonpolar, LDF
polar, LDF, dipole-dipole

26
Q

What trumps the intermolecular force strength rules?

A

the amount of electrons matter more than if its dipole-dipole or hydrogen or LDF

27
Q

Br2 is nonpolar with larger electron cloud
BrCl is polar with a smaller electron cloud

Br2- 332K boiling point
BrCl- 278K boiling point

which one is stronger

A

Br2 is stronger, even though it is nonpolar, it has a larger electron cloud (more electrons) and its boiling point is larger so more attractive forces (polarizability)

28
Q

what type of intermolecular force is responsible for the difference in boiling points in two molecules

A

LDFs

29
Q

Larger LDF=

A

more attraction, higher boiling point

30
Q

why cant nonpolar molecules bond with water

A

because they dont have the space to make partial charges, so it cant make the hydrogen bonds with water

31
Q

“has more electrons so it has stronger attraction”

A

polarizability

32
Q

Why is H-S-H weaker than H-O-H

periodic table:
O
S

A

bc O has greater electronegativity than S

33
Q

Br2= 332K
2BrCl=278K

why does Br2 have a higher boiling point that 2BrCl

A

bc Br2 has more electrons, therefore greater polarizability

AP Chemistry (9 decks)

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