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Anatomy Sum. > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory or Motor: (I) Olfactory nerve

A

Sensory

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2
Q

Sensory or Motor: (II) Optic nerve

A

Sensory

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3
Q

Sensory or Motor: (III) Oculomotor n.

A

Motor

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4
Q

Sensory or Motor: (IV) Trochlear n.

A

Motor

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5
Q

Sensory or Motor: (V1)Trigeminal- Ophthalmic division

A

Sensory

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6
Q

Sensory or Motor: (V2) Trigeminal- Maxillary division

A

Sensory

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7
Q

Sensory or Motor: (V3) Trigeminal- Mandibular division

A

Both

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8
Q

Sensory or Motor: (V) Trigeminal nerve

A

Both

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9
Q

Sensory or Motor: (VI) Abducens nerve

A

Motor

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10
Q

Sensory or Motor: (VII) Facial nerve

A

Both

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11
Q

Sensory or Motor: (VIII) Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Sensory

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12
Q

Sensory or Motor: (IX) Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Both

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13
Q

Sensory or Motor: (X) Vagus nerve

A

Both

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14
Q

Sensory or Motor: (XI) Accessory nerve

A

Motor

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15
Q

Sensory or Motor: (XII) Hypoglossal nerve

A

Motor

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16
Q

What is the foramen of the Olfactory (I) nerve?

A

Cribiform foramina in cribiform plate

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17
Q

What is the foramen of the Optic (II) nerve?

A

Optic canal (foramen)

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18
Q

What is the foramen of the Oculomotor (III) nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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19
Q

What is the foramen of the Trochlear (IV) nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

What is the foramen for the Opthalmic division (V1) of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

What is the foramen for the Maxillary division (V2) of the Trigeminal (V) nerve?

A

Foramen rotundum

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22
Q

What is the foramen for the Mandibular division (V1) of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Foramen Ovale

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23
Q

What is the foramen of the Abducens (VI) nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

What is the foramen of the Facial (VII) nerve?

A

Internal acoustic meatus, through facial canal, exits at stylomastoid foramen

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25
Q

What is the foramen of the Vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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26
Q

What is the foramen of the Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

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27
Q

What is the foramen of the Vagus (X) nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

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28
Q

What is the foramen of the Accessory (XI) nerve?

A

Jugular foramen

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29
Q

What is the foramen of the Hypoglossal (XII) nerve?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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30
Q

This bone is part of the axial skeleton and is composed of 22 bones: 8 form the cranium and 14 are associated with the face

A

The skull

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31
Q

What are the unpaired bones of the cranium?

A

Frontal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone

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32
Q

What are the paired bones of the cranium?

A

Parietal bones and temporal bones

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33
Q

The calvaria is composed of what bones?

A

Frontal bone, parietal bones, occipital bone

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34
Q

These are very short fibers connect the interlocking edges of articulating bones and are the joints between bones of the skull. What are these?

A

Sutures

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35
Q

What are the major sutures?

A

Coronal suture, squamosal suture, lambdoidal suture, saggital suture

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36
Q

What are the paired bones of the face?

A

Nasal, maxillae, zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae

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37
Q

What are the unpaired bones of the face?

A

Vomer, mandible

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38
Q

The hard palate is formed by:

A
  1. Palatine processes of the maxillae
  2. Horizontal plates of the palatine bones
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39
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Frontal sinus
  2. Sphenoid sinus
  3. Ethmoid sinus
  4. Maxillary sinus
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40
Q

How is the zygomatic arch formed?

A

The zygomatic process of temporal bone + temporal process of zygomatic bone

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41
Q

This is the area superior and deep to the zygomatic arch. What is this?

A

Temporal fossa

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42
Q

This is the area inferior and deep to the zygomatic arch. What is this?

A

Infratemporal fossa

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43
Q

What bones make up the orbit?

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Zygomatic bone
  3. Maxillary bone
  4. Sphenoid
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Lacrimal bone
  7. Palatine bone
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44
Q

The nasal septum is composed of:

A
  1. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
  2. Vomer bone
  3. Septal cartilage
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45
Q

These are soft fibrous areas where several sutures unite and allow for molding and remodeling. What are these?

A

Fontanelles

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46
Q

What is included in the fontanelles?

A

Anterior fontanel, posterior fontanel, mastoid fontanel, mastoid fontanelles, sphenoid fontanelles

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47
Q

What are the 3 primary germ layers:

A
  • Endoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Ectoderm
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48
Q

Germ layers form through a process known as __________________

A

Gastrulation

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49
Q

True or False: The development of the nervous system occurs in the ectoderm

A

True

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50
Q

What are the four main events occurring during neurulation?

A
  1. Formation of neural plate
  2. Shaping of neural plate
  3. Invagination of neural plate
  4. Closure of neural groove (forms the neural tube and neural canal)
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51
Q

Brain & spinal cord develop from proliferating cells in the ___________________

A

Neural tube

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52
Q

The __________________ forms the brain

A

Cranial end if the neural tube

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53
Q

The ___________________ forms the spinal cord

A

Caudal end

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54
Q

The ventricular system & central canal of the spinal cord develop from ______________

A

Neural canal

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55
Q

The neurons are ___________

A

Excitable cells

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56
Q

The neuroglial cells are ____________

A

Supportive cells

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57
Q

What are the cell bodies of the CNS?

A

Nucleus

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58
Q

What is the cell body of the PNS?

A

Ganglion

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59
Q

What is the axon of the PNS?

A

Nerve

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60
Q

This is compose primarily of myelinated axons. What is this?

A

White matter

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61
Q

What is composed of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, & neuroglia

A

Gray matter

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62
Q

Central cavity surrounded by gray matter which is surrounded by white matter. What is this?

A

Basic Patterning of CNS

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63
Q

The central cavity surrounded by a gray matter core with white matter external to the gray matter. What is this?

A

Spinal cord

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64
Q

This area is similar to the spinal cord but with additional areas of gray matter. Scattered gray matter is seen within the white matter and the cerebrum and cerebellum also have outer layer of gray matter called the cortex. What is this?

A

The brain

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65
Q

What is the elevated fold of the brain called?

A

Gyrus

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66
Q

What is the shallow groove between gyri called?

A

Sulcus

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67
Q

What is the deep groove between gyri?

A

Fissure

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68
Q

Each hemisphere of the brain is divided into five lobes. What are they?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
  5. Insular
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69
Q

What are the 3 basic regions of each hemisphere?

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • internal white matter
  • basal nuclei
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70
Q

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?

A

Conscious thought, speech, memory, evaluation of sensory input, personality, initiation of voluntary motor movement

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71
Q

What is the function of the motor area of the cortex?

A

Initiation of movement

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72
Q

What is the function of the sensory area of the cortex?

A

Reception of sensory information and perception

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73
Q

What is the function of the association areas?

A

Complex integrative functions

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74
Q

These are fibers connecting gray areas between the two hemispheres. What are these called?

A

Commissural fibers
Ex: Corpus callosum

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75
Q

These are fibers connecting different parts of same hemisphere. What are these called?

A

Association fibers
Ex: General cerebral white matter

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76
Q

These are fibers connecting the cerebral cortex to the other parts of the CNS. What are these called?

A

Projection fibers
Ex: Spinal tracts

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77
Q

____________ is a collection of nerve cell bodies deep in the cerebrum

A

Basal nuclei

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78
Q

What is the function of the Basal nuclei?

A

Influence motor function by regulating the initiation and termination of movement. Inhibits extraneous muscle contraction and helps to maintain motor control.

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79
Q

Damage in the basal nuclei can lead to _________ and ______________

A

Muscle rigidity, resting tremors

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80
Q

This is the major relay center for all sensation entering the cerebral cortex EXCEPT olfaction. Aids in motor activity. What is this?

A

Thalamus

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81
Q

This is the major regulator of the body’s internal environment, through the automatic, limbic and endocrine systems. What is this?

A

Hypothalamus

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82
Q

This helps to regulate sleep-wake cycle with the hypothalamus (main projection is the pineal body), which secretes the hormone melatonin. What is this?

A

Epithalamus

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83
Q

The brain stem consists of three regions:

A

Midbrain & Pons & Medulla Oblongata

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84
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

Produces the autonomic behaviors necessary for survival, provides a pathway for axons ascending and descending

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85
Q

What are the projections and budges from midbrain:

A

1) cerebral peduncles
2) superior colliculi
3) inferior colliculi

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86
Q

Where is the midbrain located?

A

The white matter are pigmented nuclei (substantia nigra)

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87
Q

Associated Cranial Nerve Nuclei

A

1) Oculomotor (III)
2) Trochlear (IV)

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88
Q

Major component of pons are conduction tracts that course between:

A

1) higher brain centers and the spinal cord
2) motor cortex and cerebellum

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89
Q

Associated Cranial Nerve Nuclei

A

1) Trigeminal (V)
2) Abducens (VI)
3) Facial (VII)
4) Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

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90
Q

What is the function of the medulla Oblongata?

A

Autonomic reflex center housing important visceral motor nuclei

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91
Q

Projections from the medulla Oblongata:

A

1) Pyramids
2) Gracile tubercle
3) Cuneate tubercle

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92
Q

Associated Cranial Nerve Nuclei:

A

1) Vestibulocochlear
2) Glossopharyngeal
3) Vagus
4) Portion of Accessory
5) Hypoglossal

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93
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Provides timing and patterns of skeletal muscle contractions for smooth and coordinated movements; also provides error correcting feedback for movements

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94
Q

Anatomical Parts:

A

1) Cerebellar Hemispheres
2) Vermis
3) Arbor Vitae
4) Folia
5) Anterior Lobes
6) Posterior Lobes
7) Flocculonodular Lobes

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95
Q

Three Cranial Meninges (from superficial to deep)

A

1) Dura Mater
2) Arachnoid Mater
3) Pia Mater

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96
Q

What are the two parts of the dura mater in skull?

A

Periosteal Layer and Meningeal Layer

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97
Q

What is the periosteal layer?

A

Superficial layer- absent in vertebral column

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98
Q

What is the meningeal layer?

A

Deeper layer; continuous in vertebral column as rural sheath of spinal cord

99
Q

What is the meningeal layer of dura mater that forms double-layered folds that insert into fissures called?

A

Dural septa

100
Q

What is the space created where the two layers of the dura mater separate and contain venous blood from the veins of the brain and CSF returned from the subrtachnoid space called?

A

Dural Venous Sinuses

101
Q

This the space between the skull and the dura mater

A

Extradural

102
Q

The what is the space between the dura and arachnoid mater?

A

Subdural space

103
Q

What is the space between the arachnoid and pia mater
And location of CSF and blood vessels around the brain

A

Subarachnoid space

104
Q

Ventricles arise from ______________ of the neural tube

A

Lumen

105
Q

This is paired C-shaped lateral ventricles?

A

Telencephalon

106
Q

This is the third ventricle of the brain

A

Diencephalon

107
Q

This is the cerebral aqueduct

A

Mesencephalon

108
Q

What is the fourth ventricle of the brain

A

Myelencephalon

109
Q

Lumen associated with neural tube which will become the spinal cord forms the ___________

A

Central canal

110
Q

All the ventricles contain ___________ , a structure that continually

A

Choroid plexus

111
Q

What are the functions of the CSF?

A
  • serves as a shock absorber
  • Helps in the transport nutrients and removal of waste
  • Helps maintain the proper ion balance in neural tissue
112
Q

This is caused by obstruction of circulation of CSF and leads to accumulation of fluid that compresses the brain

A

Hydrocephalus

113
Q

Two major pairs of arteries supply the brain. What are they?

A

Vertebral and Internal carotid arteries

114
Q

This artery branches off the subclavian arteries, travels through the transverse foramina and enters skull through foramen magnum, and its branches are referred to as the posterior circulation of the brain. What is this?

A

Vertebral artery

115
Q

This artery branches off the common carotid artery , enters the skull through carotid canal and then through the internal opening of foramen lacerum. Its branches are referred to as the anterior circulation of the brain. What is this?

A

Internal carotid arteries

116
Q

What are the major branches of the vertebral artery?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior spinal artery, basilar artery

117
Q

What are the major branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

Anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries

118
Q

The Circle of Willis is composed of what arteries?

A

Anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, posterior communicating arteries, posterior cerebral arteries

119
Q

This artery is the terminal branch of the internal carotid, enters the longitudinal fissure, and supplies most of the medial and superior surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres

A

Anterior cerebral artery

120
Q

This artery is the terminal branch of internal carotid artery, ** passes between the temporal and frontal lobes to reach the lateral part of the cerebral hemispheres**, supplies lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres. What is this?

A

Middle cerebral artery

121
Q

This artery is the terminal branch of basilar artery and supplies inferior surface of the cerebral hemispheres and all of the occipital lobes. What is this?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

122
Q

This serves as communication between the brain and PNS. It extends from the foramen magnum to approximately the L1 or L2 vertebrae level. What is this?

A

Spinal cord

123
Q

What is the distal tapered end of the spinal cord?

A

Conus medullaris

124
Q

This is the collection of spinal nerve roots extend inferior to spinal cord. What is this?

A

Cauda equina

125
Q

This is the extension of pia mater from the conus medullaris anchoring to the posterior surface of coccyx. What is this?

A

Filum terminale

126
Q

What are the two major enlargements of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical enlargement (C5-T1) and Lumbosacral enlargement (L1-S3)

127
Q

The spinal cord is protected via:

A

Bones, meninges, CSF

128
Q

What are the three meningeal spaces:

A

Epidural space, Subdural space, Subarachnoid space

129
Q

Cell bodies of ____________ located in ventral horn

A

Motor neurons

130
Q

True or False: Axons of motor neurons exit spinal cord through ventral root ——> spinal n. ——> ventral OR dorsal ramus ——-> through named nerves to effector

A

True

131
Q

Cell bodies of ____________ locates in dorsal root ganglia

A

Sensory neuron

132
Q

True or False: Axons from peripheral receptors of sensory neurons enter through dorsal OR ventral ramus ———-> spinal nerve ————-> dorsal root —————-> synapse with interneuron in dorsal horn

A

True

133
Q

The white matter of the spinal cord consists largely of organized myelinated axons organized into ___________ or _______________

A

Tracts, fasciculi

134
Q

What is the cell body of the CNS?

A

Nucleus

135
Q

What is the axon of the CNS?

A

Tract or Fasciculus

136
Q

What is the cells body of the PNS?

A

Ganglion

137
Q

What is the axon of the PNS?

A

Nerve

138
Q

_____________________ are pathways that carry sensory information from the periphery toward the brain.

A

Ascending/sensory/afferent tracts

139
Q

_________________ are pathways that carry motor commands from the brain into the spinal cord.

A

Descending/motor/efferent tracts

140
Q

True or False: Ascending Sensory Tracts bring the sensory information from the periphery to the brain

A

True

141
Q

Each system consists of 3 neurons forming the pathway:

A

Primary neuron, secondary neuron, tertiary neuron

142
Q

This neuron is the cell body locates in dorsal root ganglion.

A

Primary neuron

143
Q

This neuron is axons crossed-over to contralateral side

A

Secondary neuron

144
Q

This neuron is the cell body located in thalamus. What is this?

A

Tertiary neuron

145
Q

Located in the posterior (dorsal) portion of the spinal coord white matter. What is this?

A

Dorsal column system

146
Q

Dorsal column carries _______________ information from the body to the postcentral gyrus

A

General sensory

147
Q

The dorsal column system consists of two tracts that both occupy the dorsal portion of the spinal cord. What are they?

A

Fasciculus gracilis & fasciculus cuneatus

148
Q

Axons from the LL and lower trunk reside in this and contains sensory information from below spinal cord level T6. What tract is this?

A

Fasciculus gracilis

149
Q

Axons from the UL and upper trunk reside and contains sensory information from spinal cord level T6 and above. What tract is this?

A

Fasciculus cuneatus

150
Q

In the dorsal column system, tertiary neuron cell body is located in the ________________. Axons from the thalamus carries information to the _______________________

A

Thalamus, postcentral gyrus

151
Q

In the dorsal column, the secondary neuron cell body located in the ________________ or _________________ of the medulla. Axons from these neurons cross over to the ____________________ in the medulla oblongata and these synapse in the thalamus.

A

Gracile, cuneate nucleus, contralateral side

152
Q

In the dorsal column, the primary neuron cell body located in the _________________. Enters the __________________ or ____________________ and ascends. Synapses in the medulla oblongata at the _______________ or ____________

A

Dorsal root ganglion, fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus, gracile, cuneate nucleus

153
Q

_________________ is located in the lateral portion of the spinal cord white matter.

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

154
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract carries ________________ from the body to the postcentral gyrus.

A

Pain and temperature

155
Q

In the lateral spinothalamic tract, the tertiary neuron is in the ________________. Axons from the thalamus carries information to the _________________

A

Thalamus, postcentral gyrus

156
Q

In the lateral spinothalamic tract, the secondary neuron is in the _________________ adjacent to the corresponding dorsal root ganglion. Axons from this neuron cross over within 1-2 spinal segments to the __________________ of the cord and ascend

A

dorsal horn of gray matter, contralateral side

157
Q

In the lateral spinothalamic tract, the primary neuron is in the ___________________. Synapses in the __________________ of the spinal cord IMMEDIATELY upon entering the cord

A

Dorsal root ganglion, dorsal horn

158
Q

Descending motor tracts take motor information from the ___________________ to the _________________.

A

Brain, periphery

159
Q

For primary neurons, cell body is located in the ______________.

A

Cortex

160
Q

For the secondary neuron, cell body is locates in the ________________.

A

Spinal cord gray matter

161
Q

The lateral corticospinal tract originates at the __________________.

A

Precentral gyrus

162
Q

In the lateral corticospinal tract, the primary neuron in the precentral gyrus referred as _________________. Axons travel within the _________________ of the medulla on the ipsilateral side, then cross over to the contralateral side just superior to the beginning of the spinal cord.

A

Upper motor neurons, pyramids

163
Q

In the lateral corticospinal tract, the secondary neuron in the ________________ of gray matter, referred to as _____________________. Axons from this neuron run through the ventral roots, spinal nerves and dorsal and ventral rami to peripheral muscles

A

Ventral horn, lower motor neurons

164
Q

The eye is composed of:

A

Three tunics, internal chambers, lens

165
Q

What are the three tunics?

A

Fibrous, vascular, sensory

166
Q

The fibrous tunic is composed of:

A

Sclera and cornea

167
Q

The vascular tunic is composed of:

A

Choroid, ciliary body, iris

168
Q

The central opening of the iris is the ___________

A

Pupil

169
Q

The sensory runic (or retina) is composed of:

A

Pigmented layer and neural layer

170
Q

True or false: each optic nerve contains half of each visual field information

A

True

171
Q

True or False: Right optic nerve carries 1/2 of right visual field (nasal portion) info & 1/2 of left visual field (temporal portion)

A

True

172
Q

True or False: left optic nerve carries 1/2 right visual field (temporal portion) info & 1/2 of left visual field (nasal portion)

A

True

173
Q

At the _______________, fibers from the nasal aspect of each eye cross over

A

Optic chiasma

174
Q

True or False: Each optic tract carries the information from the contralateral visual field.

A

True

175
Q

True or False: Right optic tract carries the information for the LEFT visual field

A

True

176
Q

Left optic tract carries the information for the RIGHT visual field

A

True

177
Q

Most fibers in the optic tracts synapse with neurons in the _________________ body in the thalamus

A

Lateral geniculate body

178
Q

Fibers from the _____________ project from optic radiation to the __________________ in the ______________

A

Thalamus, primary visual cortex, occipital lobes

179
Q

Right primary cortex integrates information from the _________________

A

Left visual field

180
Q

Left primary cortex integrates information from ____________________

A

Right visual field

181
Q

True or False: Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique are all extrinsic muscles of the eye

A

True

182
Q

What is the action of the superior rectus muscle?

A

Elevation of eyeball

183
Q

What is the innervation of the superior rectus muscle?

A

Oculomotor nerve

184
Q

What is the action of inferior rectus muscle?

A

Depression of eyeball

185
Q

What is the innervation of inferior rectus muscle?

A

Oculomotor nerve

186
Q

What is the action of the medial rectus muscle?

A

Adduction of eyeball

187
Q

What is the innervation of the medial rectus muscle?

A

Oculomotor nerve

188
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abduction of eyeball

189
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abducens nerve

190
Q

What is the action of the superior oblique muscle?

A

Depression & adduction of eyeball

191
Q

What is the innervation of the superior oblique muscle?

A

Trochlear nerve

192
Q

What is the action of the inferior oblique muscle?

A

Elevation and abduction of eyeball

193
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior oblique muscle?

A

Oculomotor nerve

194
Q

What is the special sensory innervation for taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)?

A

Facial nerve

195
Q

What is the general sensory innervation of tongue (anterior 2/3 tongue)?

A

Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve

196
Q

What is the special sensory for taste AND general sensory (posterior 1/3 of tongue)

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

197
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Styloglossus m. , hyoglossus m. , genioglossus m.

198
Q

All the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervates by what nerve?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

199
Q

What does the styloglossus muscle do?

A

Elevates & retracts the tongue

200
Q

What does the hyoglossus muscle do?

A

Depresses the tongue

201
Q

What does the genioglossus muscle do?

A

Protracts the tongue

202
Q

Two main destinations of these impulses (pathway for smell):

A

Primary olfactory cortex and subcritical route to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other regions of limbic system

203
Q

___________________ is located mostly at the medial aspect of the temporal lobe; conscious awareness of odors and has connections to orbitofrontal cortex for identification and discrimination of odors

A

Primary olfactory cortex

204
Q

_____________________________ elicits emotion and memory, evoked responses to the odors

A

Subcortical route to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other regions of limbic system

205
Q

What are the structures of the middle ear?

A

Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), pharyngotympanic tube

206
Q

What are the structures of the external ear?

A

External auditory canal, auricle

207
Q

What are the structures of the internal ear?

A

Semicircular canals, cochlea, oval window, round window

208
Q

What are the muscles of the facial expression?

A

Frontalis muscle, occipitalis muscle, orbicularis oculi muscle, orbicularis oris muscle, buccinator muscle, platysma muscle

209
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression innervates by?

A

Facial nerve

210
Q

What are the five motor branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

211
Q

What does the frontalis muscle do?

A

Draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles forehead

212
Q

What does the occipitalis muscle do?

A

Draws scalp posteriorly

213
Q

What does the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

A

Closes the eye

214
Q

What does the orbicularis oris muscle?

A

Closes & protrudes lips

215
Q

What does the buccinator muscle do?

A

Presses the cheek against teeth

216
Q

What does the platysma muscle do?

A

Tenses skin of neck and draws out part of lower lip inferiority & posteriorly

217
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter muscle, temporalis muscle, medial pterygoid muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle

218
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve

219
Q

What does the temporalis muscle do?

A

Elevates and retracts mandible

220
Q

What does the masseter muscle do?

A

Elevates mandible

221
Q

What does the lateral pterygoid muscle do?

A

Depresses, protracts, & moves the mandible from side-to-side

222
Q

What does the medial pterygoid muscle do?

A

Elevates, protracts, and moves the mandible from side-to-side

223
Q

What are the neck muscles?

A

Trapezius muscle & sternocleidomastoid muscle

224
Q

What is the innervation of the neck muscles?

A

Accessory nerve

225
Q

What is the origin of trapezius muscle?

A

Superior unchallenged line, external occipital protuberance , ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7 & T1-T12 vertebrae

226
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius muscle?

A

Lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula

227
Q

What is the action of the trapezius muscle?

A

Elevates and retracts scapula

228
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid do?

A

Bilaterally, flexes, cervical portion of vertebral column, unilaterally, rotates head to the side opposite the contracting muscle

229
Q

What do the suprahyoid muscles do?

A

All elevate the hyoid bone

230
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid, digastric muscles, stylohyoid muscles, geniohyoid muscles

231
Q

True or False: the suprahyoid muscles are located superior to the hyoid bone

A

True

232
Q

True or False: infrahyoid muscles are located inferior to the hyoid bone

A

True

233
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid muscle, omohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, thyrohyoid muscle

234
Q

What do the infrahyoid muscles do?

A

All depress the hyoid bone

235
Q

What are the blood vessels of the head & neck?

A

Common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, vertebral artery

236
Q

What are the blood vessels of the head & neck?

A

Common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, vertebral artery

237
Q

What does the common carotid artery do?

A

Bifurcates into the internal & external carotid arteries

238
Q

What does the internal carotid artery do?

A

Ascends towards base of skull; gives off NO branches in the neck and forms the anterior circulation of the branch

239
Q

What does the external carotid artery do?

A

Gives off many branches in the neck and supplies external neck and face

240
Q

What does the vertebral artery do?

A

Branches off the subclavian artery, forms posterior circulation of the brain

241
Q

What are the major veins of the head & neck

A

External jugular veins and internal jugular vein

242
Q

What does the external jugular vein do?

A

Located superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and is formed from the veins of the external face head and neck

243
Q

What does the internal jugular vein do?

A

Located deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, returns venous blood from inside the skull

Anatomy Sum. (4 decks)

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