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Anatomy Sum. > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

Protection, strong but flexible support for the trunk, posture and support of body weight

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2
Q

The structure of the vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae. What are they?

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal

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3
Q

There are 4 curvatures in the vertebral column. They are divided into 2 categories. What are those two categories?

A

Primary curvatures and secondary curvatures

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4
Q

What are the primary curvatures in the vertebral column?

A

Thoracic and sacral

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5
Q

What are the secondary curvatures in the vertebrae?

A

Cervical and lumbar

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6
Q

Exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic region is called_________

A

Kyphosis

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7
Q

An exaggerated anterior curvature of the lumbar region is called_____________

A

Lordosis

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8
Q

Lateral curvature of the lumbar or thoracic region os called ______________

A

Scoliosis

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9
Q

______________ are pairs 1-7 and attach directly to sternum via their own costal cartilage

A

True ribs

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10
Q

_____________ are pairs 8-12. Pairs 8-10 have costal cartilage attached to the costal cartilage of the rib just superior to it. Pairs 11-12 do not have an attachment to the sternum.

A

False ribs

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11
Q

True or False: The pelvic girdle consists of clavicle and scapula

A

True

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12
Q

What are the carpal bones in the proximal row from lateral side to medial?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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13
Q

What are the carpal bones in the distal row from lateral side to medial?

A

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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14
Q

What are the movements of the scapula?

A

Retraction, protraction, elevation, depression, rotation

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15
Q

What are the erector spinae muscles from lateral to medial?

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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16
Q

True or False: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. They are 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

A

True

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17
Q

These will exit the vertebral canal (via the intervertebral foramina) SUPERIOR to the vertebrae for which they are named

A

C1-C7 Spinal nerves

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18
Q

These will exit the vertebral canal between C7 and T1

A

C8 Spinal nerves

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19
Q

These will exit the vertebral canal INFERIOR to the vertebrae for which they are named

A

T1 and Inferior Spinal Nerves

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20
Q

The cervical plexus is made up of what nerves?

A

C1-C4

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21
Q

What nerves make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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22
Q

What nerves make up the lumbar plexus?

A

T12-L4

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23
Q

What nerves make up the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

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24
Q

All the nerves merge to form plexuses except T1-T12. What are T1-T12 called?

A

Intercostal nerves

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25
Q

This nerve is formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C567, is a direct continuation of the lateral cord, pierces through the coracobrachialis muscle, runs between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscle and innervates all the muscles of the anterior arm. What is it?

A

Musculocutaenous nerve

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26
Q

This nerve is formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C8-T1, is a direct continuation of the medial cord, runs posterior to the medial epicondyle, runs medically within the anterior forearm, and innervates 1 1/2 in anterior forearm & innervates all BUT 5 intrinsic hand muscles. What is it?

A

Ulnar nerve

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27
Q

This nerve is formed from ventral ramifications from spinal cord levels C5-T1, formed 1/2 by lateral cord and 1/2 by medial cord, enters the forearm by passing through cubical fossa, runs between the flexor digitorum superficialis m. & flexor digitorum profundus m. in anterior forearm, and innervates all BUT 1 1/2 muscles of the anterior arm & ONLY 5 intrinsic hand muscles. What is it?

A

Median nerve

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28
Q

This nerve is formed from ventral ramifications from spinal cord levels C5-T1, is a direct continuation of the posterior cord, passes posterior to the humerus within the radial groove, and innervates ALL muscles of the posterior arm & forearm. What nerve is this?

A

Radial nerve

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29
Q

This nerve is formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C5-C6, branches off the posterior cord, passes posterior to the humerus around the surgical neck, and innervates the deltoid m. & teres minor m.

A

Axillary nerve

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30
Q

True or False: the dorsal scapular, suprascapular, and long thoracic nerves are all upper brachial plexus nerves

A

True

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31
Q

This nerve branches directly off ventral ramus C5 and innervates rhomboids and levator scapulae mm. What is it?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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32
Q

This nerve is formed directly from ventral rami C5-C7 and innervates the serrated anterior m.

A

Long thoracic nerve

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33
Q

This nerve is branches off the upper trunk and innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm.

A

Suprascapular nerve

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34
Q

True or False: medial pectoral nerve and lateral pectoral nerve are pectoral nerves.

A

True

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35
Q

This nerve branches off the medial cord and innervates the pectoralis major and minor mm.

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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36
Q

This nerve branches off the lateral cord and innervates the pectoralis major m.

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

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37
Q

True or False: The upper subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, and lower subscapular nerve are all apart of lower brachial plexus nerves

A

True

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38
Q

This nerve branches off the posterior cord and innervates the subscapularis m.

A

Upper subscapular nerve

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39
Q

This nerve branches off the posterior cord; ventral ramifications from C6-C8 and innervates the latissimus dorsi m.

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

40
Q

This nerve branches off the posterior cord and innervates the subscapularis and teres major mm.

A

Lower subscapular nerve

41
Q

________________ begins at the lateral border of rib 1 and ends at the inferior border of the teres major m. and is divided into three parts and is between the clavicle and the medial border of the pectoralis major m.

A

Axillary artery- 1st part

42
Q

What is the branch of the 1st part of Axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic artery

43
Q

_______________ is deep to the pectoralis minor muscle.

A

Axillary artery- 2nd part

44
Q

What are the two branches of the 2nd part of the Axillary artery?

A

Thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic artery

45
Q

_____________________ between lateral border of pectoralis minor muscle and inferior border of teres major m.

A

Axillary Artery - 3rd Part

46
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd part of the Axillary artery?

A

Subscapular artery (circumflex scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery), anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery

47
Q

______________ spans from the inferior border of teres major m. to the proximal anterior forearm

A

Brachial artery

48
Q

True or False: The brachial artery gives off the deep brachail artery and travels in the radial groove with the radial nerve.

A

True

49
Q

Brachial artery branches into the _____________ (lateral) & ___________ medial

A

Radial artery, ulnar artery

50
Q

The radial artery travels along the lateral forearm and through the anatomical snuffbox before entering the palm and forming the ____________________

A

Deep palmar arterial arch

51
Q

The ulnar artery immediately gives off the ____________________ and then travels along the medial forearm before entering the palm and forming the ____________________

A

Common interosseous artery, superficial palmar arterial arch

52
Q

Where vascular channels unite or join, they form _____________________

A

Vascular anastomoses

53
Q

__________________________ are different arteries serving the same territory will often merge; union of branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region.

A

Arterial Anastomoses

54
Q

__________________ are very abundant; interconnection of more than one vein draining the same tissue area

A

Venous Anastomoses

55
Q

__________________ accompany arteries of the same name, predominately deep to the muscles, in the forearm, there are usually two veins per artery; these paired veins are called venae comitantes

A

Deep veins

56
Q

_____________________ located within subcutaneous layer just deep to the skin and both originate from venous anastomoses on the dorsum of the hand

A

Superficial veins

57
Q

________________ travels lateral in forearm and arm and drains into axillary vein

A

Cephalic vein

58
Q

______________ travels medial in arm & forearm, dives deep to join the brachail venae comitantes to form the axillary vein

A

Basilic vein

59
Q

________________ is the connection between the basilic and cephlic veins, lies anterior to the cubical fossa and the bicipital aponeurosis, commonly used for venipuncture.

A

Median cubical vein

60
Q

True or False: the trapezius muscle, medial border of scapula, and latissimus dorsi muscle border the Triangle of Ausculation.

A

True

61
Q

The trapezius muscle is __________ to the triangle of ausculation

A

Superior

62
Q

The medial border of scapular is __________ to the triangle of ausculation

A

Lateral

63
Q

Latissimus dorsi is __________ to the triangle of ausculation

A

Inferior

64
Q

True or False: the Teres minor m. ,Teres major m., and Long head of triceps brachii m. borders the Triangular Space.

A

True

65
Q

What are the contents of the Triangular Space?

A

Circumflex scapular vessels

66
Q

The teres minor m. is ______________ to the triangular space

A

Superior

67
Q

The teres major muscle is____________ to the triangular space

A

Inferior

68
Q

The long head of triceps brachii is ____________ to triangular space

A

Lateral

69
Q

True or False: The teres minor m. , teres major m. , the long head of triceps brachii m. , shaft of humerus borders the quadrangular space

A

True

70
Q

The teres minor muscle is _____________ to the quadrangular space

A

Superior

71
Q

The teres major muscle is _____________ to the quadrangular space

A

Inferior

72
Q

The long head of triceps brachii muscle is ____________ to the quadrangular space

A

Medial

73
Q

The shaft of the humerus is ______________ to the quadrangular space

A

Lateral

74
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral vessels, axillary nerve

75
Q

True or False: Pronator teres m. , brachioradialis m. , and the line between the epicondyle of the humerus border the cubital fossa

A

True

76
Q

The pronator teres m. is_____________to the cubital fossa

A

Medial

77
Q

The brachioradialis muscle is ____________ to cubital fossa

A

Lateral

78
Q

The line between the epicondyle of the humerus is ________________ to the cubital fossa

A

Superior

79
Q

True or False: the floor of the cubital fossa is brachialis and supinator muscle

A

True

80
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?

A

Tendon of biceps brachii m. , brachial artery, median nerve

81
Q

True or False: The median cubital vein lies superficial to its contents

A

True

82
Q

What is formed anteriorly from deep arch formed by carpal bones & flexor retinaculum?

A

Carpal tunnel

83
Q

What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?

A
  • 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus m.
  • 4 tendons flexor digitorum superficialis m.
  • Tendon of flexor pollicis longus m.
  • Median n.
84
Q

What anteriorly borders the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Abductor pollicis longus tendon & extensor pollicis brevis tendon (anterior)

85
Q

What posteriorly borders the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Extensor pollicis longus tendon

86
Q

What is inside the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial artery

87
Q

What are the four joints making up the shoulder joint?

A

Sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, scapulothoracic joint

88
Q

This is the synovial, saddle joint between the sternal end of the clavicle and the sternum. Only articulation between upper extremity and the axial skeleton.

A

Sternoclavicular

89
Q

The two bones are separated by an _________________

A

Articular disc

90
Q

Two bones are held together by the _____________ and __________________ and supported by the ________________________

A

Anterior, posterior Sternoclavicular ligaments, costoclavicular ligament

91
Q

This is the synovial, plane joint between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula

A

Acromioclavicular

92
Q

Two bones are held together by the _____________________ and supported by the ______________________

A

Acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligaments

93
Q

This is a synovial, ball, and socket joint between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa (cavity) of the scapula

A

Glenohumeral

94
Q

Two bones are held together by the ___________________________ and supported by the ______________________ and ____________________________

A

Glenohumeral ligaments, coracohumeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament

95
Q

Joint stability is provided by the rotator cuff muscles, and the joint is deepened by the _______________

A

Glenoid labrum

Anatomy Sum. (4 decks)

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