Unit 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the functions of the vertebral column?
A
Protection, strong but flexible support for the trunk, posture and support of body weight
2
Q
The structure of the vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae. What are they?
A
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal
3
Q
There are 4 curvatures in the vertebral column. They are divided into 2 categories. What are those two categories?
A
Primary curvatures and secondary curvatures
4
Q
What are the primary curvatures in the vertebral column?
A
Thoracic and sacral
5
Q
What are the secondary curvatures in the vertebrae?
A
Cervical and lumbar
6
Q
Exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic region is called_________
A
Kyphosis
7
Q
An exaggerated anterior curvature of the lumbar region is called_____________
A
Lordosis
8
Q
Lateral curvature of the lumbar or thoracic region os called ______________
A
Scoliosis
9
Q
______________ are pairs 1-7 and attach directly to sternum via their own costal cartilage
A
True ribs
10
Q
_____________ are pairs 8-12. Pairs 8-10 have costal cartilage attached to the costal cartilage of the rib just superior to it. Pairs 11-12 do not have an attachment to the sternum.
A
False ribs
11
Q
True or False: The pelvic girdle consists of clavicle and scapula
A
True
12
Q
What are the carpal bones in the proximal row from lateral side to medial?
A
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
13
Q
What are the carpal bones in the distal row from lateral side to medial?
A
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
14
Q
What are the movements of the scapula?
A
Retraction, protraction, elevation, depression, rotation
15
Q
What are the erector spinae muscles from lateral to medial?
A
Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
16
Q
True or False: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. They are 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
A
True
17
Q
These will exit the vertebral canal (via the intervertebral foramina) SUPERIOR to the vertebrae for which they are named
A
C1-C7 Spinal nerves
18
Q
These will exit the vertebral canal between C7 and T1
A
C8 Spinal nerves
19
Q
These will exit the vertebral canal INFERIOR to the vertebrae for which they are named
A
T1 and Inferior Spinal Nerves
20
Q
The cervical plexus is made up of what nerves?
A
C1-C4
21
Q
What nerves make up the brachial plexus?
A
C5-T1
22
Q
What nerves make up the lumbar plexus?
A
T12-L4
23
Q
What nerves make up the sacral plexus?
A
L4-S4
24
Q
All the nerves merge to form plexuses except T1-T12. What are T1-T12 called?
A
Intercostal nerves
25
This nerve is formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C567, is a direct continuation of the lateral cord, pierces through the coracobrachialis muscle, runs between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscle and innervates all the muscles of the anterior arm. What is it?
Musculocutaenous nerve
26
This nerve is formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C8-T1, is a direct continuation of the medial cord, runs posterior to the medial epicondyle, runs medically within the anterior forearm, and innervates 1 1/2 in anterior forearm & innervates all BUT 5 intrinsic hand muscles. What is it?
Ulnar nerve
27
This nerve is formed from ventral ramifications from spinal cord levels C5-T1, formed 1/2 by lateral cord and 1/2 by medial cord, enters the forearm by passing through cubical fossa, runs between the flexor digitorum superficialis m. & flexor digitorum profundus m. in anterior forearm, and innervates all BUT 1 1/2 muscles of the anterior arm & ONLY 5 intrinsic hand muscles. What is it?
Median nerve
28
This nerve is formed from ventral ramifications from spinal cord levels C5-T1, is a direct continuation of the posterior cord, passes posterior to the humerus within the radial groove, and innervates ALL muscles of the posterior arm & forearm. What nerve is this?
Radial nerve
29
This nerve is formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C5-C6, branches off the posterior cord, passes posterior to the humerus around the surgical neck, and innervates the deltoid m. & teres minor m.
Axillary nerve
30
True or False: the dorsal scapular, suprascapular, and long thoracic nerves are all upper brachial plexus nerves
True
31
This nerve branches directly off ventral ramus C5 and innervates rhomboids and levator scapulae mm. What is it?
Dorsal scapular nerve
32
This nerve is formed directly from ventral rami C5-C7 and innervates the serrated anterior m.
Long thoracic nerve
33
This nerve is branches off the upper trunk and innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm.
Suprascapular nerve
34
True or False: medial pectoral nerve and lateral pectoral nerve are pectoral nerves.
True
35
This nerve branches off the medial cord and innervates the pectoralis major and minor mm.
Medial pectoral nerve
36
This nerve branches off the lateral cord and innervates the pectoralis major m.
Lateral pectoral nerve
37
True or False: The upper subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, and lower subscapular nerve are all apart of lower brachial plexus nerves
True
38
This nerve branches off the posterior cord and innervates the subscapularis m.
Upper subscapular nerve
39
This nerve branches off the posterior cord; ventral ramifications from C6-C8 and innervates the latissimus dorsi m.
Thoracodorsal nerve
40
This nerve branches off the posterior cord and innervates the subscapularis and teres major mm.
Lower subscapular nerve
41
________________ begins at the lateral border of rib 1 and ends at the inferior border of the teres major m. and is divided into three parts and is between the clavicle and the medial border of the pectoralis major m.
Axillary artery- 1st part
42
What is the branch of the 1st part of Axillary artery?
Superior thoracic artery
43
_______________ is deep to the pectoralis minor muscle.
Axillary artery- 2nd part
44
What are the two branches of the 2nd part of the Axillary artery?
Thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic artery
45
_____________________ between lateral border of pectoralis minor muscle and inferior border of teres major m.
Axillary Artery - 3rd Part
46
What are the branches of the 3rd part of the Axillary artery?
Subscapular artery (circumflex scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery), anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery
47
______________ spans from the inferior border of teres major m. to the proximal anterior forearm
Brachial artery
48
True or False: The brachial artery gives off the deep brachail artery and travels in the radial groove with the radial nerve.
True
49
Brachial artery branches into the _____________ (lateral) & ___________ medial
Radial artery, ulnar artery
50
The radial artery travels along the lateral forearm and through the anatomical snuffbox before entering the palm and forming the ____________________
Deep palmar arterial arch
51
The ulnar artery immediately gives off the ____________________ and then travels along the medial forearm before entering the palm and forming the ____________________
Common interosseous artery, superficial palmar arterial arch
52
Where vascular channels unite or join, they form _____________________
Vascular anastomoses
53
__________________________ are different arteries serving the same territory will often merge; union of branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region.
Arterial Anastomoses
54
__________________ are very abundant; interconnection of more than one vein draining the same tissue area
Venous Anastomoses
55
__________________ accompany arteries of the same name, predominately deep to the muscles, in the forearm, there are usually two veins per artery; these paired veins are called venae comitantes
Deep veins
56
_____________________ located within subcutaneous layer just deep to the skin and both originate from venous anastomoses on the dorsum of the hand
Superficial veins
57
________________ travels lateral in forearm and arm and drains into axillary vein
Cephalic vein
58
______________ travels medial in arm & forearm, dives deep to join the brachail venae comitantes to form the axillary vein
Basilic vein
59
________________ is the connection between the basilic and cephlic veins, lies anterior to the cubical fossa and the bicipital aponeurosis, commonly used for venipuncture.
Median cubical vein
60
True or False: the trapezius muscle, medial border of scapula, and latissimus dorsi muscle border the Triangle of Ausculation.
True
61
The trapezius muscle is __________ to the triangle of ausculation
Superior
62
The medial border of scapular is __________ to the triangle of ausculation
Lateral
63
Latissimus dorsi is __________ to the triangle of ausculation
Inferior
64
True or False: the Teres minor m. ,Teres major m., and Long head of triceps brachii m. borders the Triangular Space.
True
65
What are the contents of the Triangular Space?
Circumflex scapular vessels
66
The teres minor m. is ______________ to the triangular space
Superior
67
The teres major muscle is____________ to the triangular space
Inferior
68
The long head of triceps brachii is ____________ to triangular space
Lateral
69
True or False: The teres minor m. , teres major m. , the long head of triceps brachii m. , shaft of humerus borders the quadrangular space
True
70
The teres minor muscle is _____________ to the quadrangular space
Superior
71
The teres major muscle is _____________ to the quadrangular space
Inferior
72
The long head of triceps brachii muscle is ____________ to the quadrangular space
Medial
73
The shaft of the humerus is ______________ to the quadrangular space
Lateral
74
What are the contents of the quadrangular space?
Posterior circumflex humeral vessels, axillary nerve
75
True or False: Pronator teres m. , brachioradialis m. , and the line between the epicondyle of the humerus border the cubital fossa
True
76
The pronator teres m. is_____________to the cubital fossa
Medial
77
The brachioradialis muscle is ____________ to cubital fossa
Lateral
78
The line between the epicondyle of the humerus is ________________ to the cubital fossa
Superior
79
True or False: the floor of the cubital fossa is brachialis and supinator muscle
True
80
What are the contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?
Tendon of biceps brachii m. , brachial artery, median nerve
81
True or False: The median cubital vein lies superficial to its contents
True
82
What is formed anteriorly from deep arch formed by carpal bones & flexor retinaculum?
Carpal tunnel
83
What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?
- 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus m.
- 4 tendons flexor digitorum superficialis m.
- Tendon of flexor pollicis longus m.
- Median n.
84
What anteriorly borders the anatomical snuffbox?
Abductor pollicis longus tendon & extensor pollicis brevis tendon (anterior)
85
What posteriorly borders the anatomical snuffbox?
Extensor pollicis longus tendon
86
What is inside the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial artery
87
What are the four joints making up the shoulder joint?
Sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, scapulothoracic joint
88
This is the synovial, saddle joint between the sternal end of the clavicle and the sternum. Only articulation between upper extremity and the axial skeleton.
Sternoclavicular
89
The two bones are separated by an _________________
Articular disc
90
Two bones are held together by the _____________ and __________________ and supported by the ________________________
Anterior, posterior Sternoclavicular ligaments, costoclavicular ligament
91
This is the synovial, plane joint between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula
Acromioclavicular
92
Two bones are held together by the _____________________ and supported by the ______________________
Acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligaments
93
This is a synovial, ball, and socket joint between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa (cavity) of the scapula
Glenohumeral
94
Two bones are held together by the ___________________________ and supported by the ______________________ and ____________________________
Glenohumeral ligaments, coracohumeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament
95
Joint stability is provided by the rotator cuff muscles, and the joint is deepened by the _______________
Glenoid labrum
