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Anatomy Sum. > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is fascia lata?

A

Deep fascia that invests the thigh

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2
Q

The Gluteal Region muscles are divided into two layers. What are they?

A

Superficial and deep

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3
Q

What is the Iliotibial tract?

A

The thickened lateral portion of fascia lata

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4
Q

Damage to the superior gluteal nerve affects____?

A

Stabilization

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5
Q

If the right superior gluteal nerve is damages, and the patient stands on the right leg and lifts the left leg, the pelvis will drop TOWARDS which side?

A

The left side

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6
Q

The Psoas major and Iliacus when combined is called what?

A

Iliopsoas

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7
Q

The thigh muscles are divided into anterior, medial, & ________ groups.

A

Posterior

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8
Q

The medial thigh muscles make up the _______ group

A

Adductor

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9
Q

The posterior thigh muscles make up the _________ muscles

A

Hamstring

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10
Q

T1-T12 are called__________.

A

Intercostal nerves

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11
Q

What makes up the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

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12
Q

What makes up the Brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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13
Q

What makes up the Lumbar plexus?

A

T12-L4

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14
Q

What makes up the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

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15
Q

All except ________ merge to form plexuses

A

T1-T12

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16
Q

The intermingling of nerve cell processes (axons) from ventral rami of different spinal cord levels is what?

A

Nerve plexuses

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17
Q

What are the plexuses associated with the lower limb?

A

Lumbar plexus and sacral plexus

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18
Q

What nerve is formed from the ventral rami of spinal cord levels L2-L4?

A

Femoral nerve

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19
Q

Femoral nerve is located superficial to the __________?

A

Iliacus muscle

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20
Q

The femoral nerve runs deep to the __________ to enter the anterior thigh.

A

Inguinal ligament

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21
Q

The obturator nerve also is formed from the ventral rami from spinal cord levels ________?

A

L2-L4

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22
Q

The obturator nerve runs medial to the ________.

A

Psoas major

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23
Q

The obturator nerve enters the medial thigh through the _________

A

Obturator foramen

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24
Q

What nerve is formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels L4-S1?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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25
Q

The superior gluteal nerve exits the pelvis through the ____________.

A

Great sciatic foramen

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26
Q

The superior gluteal nerve is in the __________, located superior to the __________.

A

Posterior gluteal region, piriformis muscle

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27
Q

What nerve is formed from ventral rami from the spinal cord levels L5-S2?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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28
Q

True or False: the inferior gluteal nerve exits the pelvis through the great sciatic foramen, just like the superior gluteal nerve.

A

True

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29
Q

The sciatic nerve is in the ___________, located inferior to the piriformis muscle

A

Posterior gluteal region

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30
Q

The sciatic nerve bifurcates into the __________ and _________ nerve.

A

Tibial, common fibular nerve

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31
Q

What nerve is formed from the ventral rami from spinal cord levels L4-S3?

A

Tibial nerve

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32
Q

True or False: the tibial nerve is medial division of the sciatic nerve

A

True

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33
Q

The tibial nerve bifurcates into the _________ and ________ nerve

A

Medial, lateral plantar

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34
Q

What are the divisions off the the tibial nerve that occurs deep to the abductor hallucis muscle?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

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35
Q

True or False: The medial & lateral plantar nerves DOES NOT innervate all intrinsic muscles of the plantar surface of the foot

A

False

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36
Q

The medial plantar nerve innervates the ____________ & _____________.

A

Abductor hallucis muscle, flexor digitorum brevis

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37
Q

The lateral plantar nerve innervates what muscle?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

38
Q

What nerve is formed from ventral rami of spinal cord levels L4-S2?

A

Common fibular nerve

39
Q

True or False: common fibular nerve is the LATERAL division of the sciatic nerve

A

True

40
Q

The common fibular nerve bifurcates into the ____________ & ________________

A

Superficial, deep fibular nerve

41
Q

True or False: The common fibular nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula

A

True

42
Q

The common fibular nerve innervates only the ______________ of the biceps femoris

A

Short head

43
Q

True or False: the superficial fibular nerve is the LATERAL division of the common fibular nerve.

A

True

44
Q

The superficial fibular nerve runs between the _____________ & ____________ muscle.

A

Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis

45
Q

True or False: The deep fibular nerve is NOT the medial division of the common fibular nerve.

A

False

46
Q

The deep fibular nerve travels between the ______________ & the _________________ muscle.

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus muscle

47
Q

Foot drop affects what compartments?

A

Lateral and anterior compartments

48
Q

What is damage to the common fibular nerve superficial to the neck of the fibula called?

A

Foot drop

49
Q

Patient would be unable to ____________ the ankle AND _______________ all digits due to damage to the deep fibular nerve.

A

Dorsiflex, extend

50
Q

Patient would be unable to ______________ the foot due to damage to the deep and superficial fibular nerves.

A

Evert

51
Q

__________________ gives off the obturator artery, superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery

A

Internal Iliac artery

52
Q

______________ passes deep to the _____________ and continues into the thigh as _________________

A

External iliac artery, Inguinal ligament, femoral artery

53
Q

_______________ is the major vessel for the lower limb

A

External iliac artery

54
Q

The femoral artery passes posteriorly through the adductor hiatus to become _______________

A

Popliteal artery

55
Q

Popliteal artery passes behind the knee within the popliteal fossa, reaches the popliteus, and divides into ____________ and ___________ tibial artery

A

Anterior, posterior

56
Q

At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes the ________________.

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

57
Q

In the foot, the ______________ bifurcates into the __________ & _______________.

A

Posterior tibial artery, lateral, medial plantar artery

58
Q

Superficial veins are located within the _____________ layer just deep to the skin. Both veins begin on the dorsum of the foot

A

Subcutaneous

59
Q

_______________drains into the femoral vein

A

Greater saphenous vein

60
Q

__________________ drains into popliteal vein

A

Lesser saphenous vein

61
Q

_____________ is the triangular space in the superoanterior third of the thigh; found at the junction between the trunk and the lower limb.

A

Femoral Triangle

62
Q

The __________________ superiorly borders femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament

63
Q

_______________ laterally borders the femoral triangle

A

Sartorius muscle

64
Q

_________________ medically borders femoral triangle

A

Adductor longus

65
Q

_____________ is the most medial in the femoral triangle

A

Femoral vein

66
Q

The second most medial in the femoral triangle is the _____________

A

Femoral artery

67
Q

____________ is the most lateral in the femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve

68
Q

What is the compartment found between the quadriceps femoris muscles and the medial femoral muscles and is found deep to the sartorius muscle?

A

Adductor canal

69
Q

The the adductor canal contains femoral artery, femoral vein, and _____________.

A

Saphenous nerve

70
Q

_____________ is the diamond-shaped area in the back of the knee

A

Popliteal fossa

71
Q

_____________ superolaterally borders the popliteal fossa

A

Biceps femoris

72
Q

The ______________ & _________________ superomedially borders the popliteal fossa.

A

Semitendinosus & semimembranosus

73
Q

____________________ inferolaterally borders popliteal fossa

A

Gastrocnemius, lateral head muscle

74
Q

_____________________ inferomedially borders the popliteal fossa

A

Gastrocnemius, medial head m.

75
Q

What are the contents of the Popliteal Fossa from deep to superificial?

A

Popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve

76
Q

_______________ is the relationships of structures located posterior to the medial malleolus

A

Tarsal tunnel

77
Q

Tarsal tunnel is bound by the ________________

A

Flexor retinaculum

78
Q

Tarsal tunnel begins at the ______________ and ends at the _______________

A

Medial malleolus, calcaneus

79
Q

What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel (from the medial malleolus to calcaneus)

A

Tendon of tibialis posterior m. , tendon of flexor digitorum longus m. , posterior tibial a. , tibial n. , tendon of flexor hallucis longus m.

80
Q

True or False: The knee joint is a synovial, modified, hinge joint that glides and rotates

A

True

81
Q

What are the five ligaments that aid in supporting the joint:

A
  1. Patellar ligament
  2. Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
  3. Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
  4. Anterior cruciate ligament
  5. Posterior cruciate ligament
82
Q

_______________ connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity and strengthens joint anteriorly

A

Patellar ligament

83
Q

__________________ Broad band connecting the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia. Directly adhered to the medial meniscus

A

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

84
Q

__________________ narrow “cord-like” band connecting the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. Separated from the lateral meniscus by the tendon of the popliteus m.

A

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

85
Q

______________ attaches the lateral condyle of the femur to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and prevents anterior translation of the tibia in relation to the femur.

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

86
Q

________________ attaches the medial condyle of the femur to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and prevents posterior translation of the tibia in relation to the femur

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

87
Q

The knee has two semi-circular fibrocartilage structures that function as shock absorbers for the knee. What are they?

A

Medial meniscus and lateral meniscus

88
Q

True or False: The medial meniscus is directly adhered to the medial collateral ligament

A

True

89
Q

True or False: the lateral meniscus is separated from the lateral collateral ligament by the tendon of the popliteus m.

A

True

90
Q

The unhappy triad involves injury to the:

A

Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus

91
Q

ACL ruptures from ______________

A

Hyperextension

92
Q

PCL ruptures from landing on _________________ with flexed knee

A

Tibial tuberosity

Anatomy Sum. (4 decks)

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