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Social studies > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Proportional Representation

A

An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.

% of vote = % of seats

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2
Q

What is “rep by pop”

A

a political system in which seats in a legislature are allocated on the basis of population.

(each riding would have the same amount of people)

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3
Q

What is First past the post?

A

An electoral system in which a candidate or party is selected by achievement of a simple majority.

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4
Q

What is Strategic Voting?

A

A situation where a voter considers the possible ballots cast by other voters in order to maximize their satisfaction with the election’s results.

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5
Q

What is the executive branch?

A

the part of government which executes the law. For example, signing bills into law, summoning and dissolving Parliament, and swearing in the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

(PM and GG)

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6
Q

What is the Judicial Branch?

A

Represented by the courts and has the function of resolving conflicts related to laws.

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7
Q

What is the role of the Legislative Branch?

A

To propose, review and pass bills, which then become laws.

(HC and S)

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7
Q

What is party solidarity?

A

solidarity’ means all the members supporting the party shall bind to the party only without deviating to any other party or a different group and remain solid and united till they win successfully

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7
Q

What is a riding?

A

An electoral district in Canada.

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7
Q

What is a vote of non-confidence?

A

a formal vote by which the members of a legislature or similar deliberative body indicate that they no longer support a leader, government, etc.

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8
Q

What is the American Bill of Rights?

A

The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. It spells out Americans’ rights in relation to their government. It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual—like freedom of speech, press, and religion.

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9
Q

What was the Anti-terrorism Act?

A

The Act enabled investigators to gather information when looking into the full range of terrorism-related crimes, including: chemical-weapons offenses, the use of weapons of mass destruction, killing Americans abroad, and terrorism financing. detection.

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10
Q

What is the republican party?

A

The right-wing political party in the United States

Currently, the party’s fiscal conservatism includes support for lower taxes, gun rights, government conservatism, free market capitalism, protectionism, deregulation of corporations, and restrictions on labour unions.

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11
Q

What is the Democratic Party?

A

The left-wing political party in the United States.

The Democrats believe in From workers’ rights to protecting the environment, and equal pay to fighting the special interests, Democrats believe we can and should make life better for families across our nation. fairness, justice, and equality for all by standing up for all middle-class Americans and those struggling to get there.

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12
Q

What is the Electoral College?

A

The Electoral College is a group of representatives from each U.S. state who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president.

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13
Q

What is the Indian Act

A

The Indian Act is a Canadian federal law that governs the relationship between the government and Indigenous peoples, primarily focusing on First Nations, by regulating their lands, resources, and rights.

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14
Q

Enfranchisement

A

the granting of the right to vote in public elections to an individual or group.

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15
Q

What are the white and Red papers in Canada?

A

The White Paper (1969): To abolish the Indian Act and assimilate Indigenous peoples into mainstream society → eliminating their special legal status and rights.

The Red Paper (1970): A response by FN, rejecting the White Paper and advocating for the preservation of Indigenous rights, treaties, and cultural identity.

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16
Q

What are land claims

A

Land claims are formal declarations by Indigenous peoples asserting their right to specific territories

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17
Q

What is the Aboriginal Healing Foundation

A

Non-profit organization to support the healing of Indigenous communities affected by the legacy of residential schools.

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18
Q

define authoritarianism?

A

A political system characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms

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19
Q

What is a cabinet?

A

a group of senior government officials, typically heads of executive departments, who advise the head of state or government

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20
Q

What is a congressional system?

A

a form of government where the executive branch is separate from the legislative branch, with a president serving as the head of state and government, elected independently of the legislature.

21
Q

What is the direction of popular discontent?

A

the prevailing focus or target of widespread public dissatisfaction and unrest, which can be directed towards government policies, economic conditions, social injustices

22
Q

Define hereditary leaders.

A

individuals who inherit their positions of leadership based on lineage or family ties

23
Q

Define Junta

A

A small group of military officers or government officials who seize control of a state, often through a coup d’état, and governs it as a collective dictatorship

24
Q

What is a oligarchy?

A

An oligarchy is when a small group of wealthy or powerful individuals controls a country or organization, often to the exclusion of others.

25
Q

define a one party state?

A

A one-party state is a political system where a single political party holds power and control over the government

26
Q

define plebiscite

A

a direct vote by the electorate on a specific issue or proposal

27
Q

what is a presidential democracy?

A

A presidential democracy is a form of government where the executive branch, led by a president who the people elect, is separate from the legislative branch.

28
Q

what is a referendum?

A

a direct vote in which the electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. NOT LEGALLY BINDING

29
Q

What is a responsible Government?

A

In a responsible government, the executive branch, led by a prime minister, is accountable to the legislative branch, typically a parliament or congress.

30
Q

What is the Tyranny of the Majority?

A

the majority of people in a society use their power to oppress or marginalize minority groups, disregarding their rights or interests.

31
Q

What is Veto Power?

A

the authority granted to an individual or body, such as a president or a legislative chamber, to reject or block a decision or legislation proposed by another entity.

32
Q

What is vision?

A

overarching goals, values, and aspirations for society,

33
Q

Define Illiberal.

A

“Illiberal” refers to political or social attitudes and policies that are opposed to liberal principles such as individual rights, civil liberties, and democratic norms.

33
Q

What is emergency and security legislation?

A

In critical times and crises, these laws often grant authorities expanded powers to respond to the situation, such as by implementing curfews, implementing surveillance measures, or deploying military forces.

34
Q

What is language legislation?

A

laws or regulations enacted by governments to regulate the use, status, or protection of languages within a particular jurisdiction.

35
Q

What is the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms and how does it differ from the Canadian charter?

A

outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals within the province. It covers a wide range of rights, including civil liberties, political rights, and social rights

(E.x. The Quebec court might consider Quebec’s unique cultural and linguistic context when interpreting the right to freedom of expression, potentially leading to a different outcome compared to the interpretation by a court in another province operating under the Canadian Charter.)

36
Q

define respect for law and order.

A

societal adherence to the legal system and authority structures in place, where individuals comply with laws, regulations, and societal norms to maintain peace, stability, and justice within a community or society.

37
Q

Define Terrorism.

A

Terrorism is the use of violence, intimidation, or coercion, often targeting civilians, with the aim of achieving political, ideological, or religious objectives.

38
Q

What is the War Measures Act?

A

granted the federal government broad powers to take emergency measures during times of war, insurrection, or other national emergencies.

39
Q

Define Enemy Aliens.

A

Individuals who are citizens or nationals of a country that is considered an enemy during a time of conflict or war.

40
Q

What was the quiet revolution?

A

The Quiet Revolution refers to a period of rapid social, political, and cultural change in the Canadian province of Quebec. It was characterized by significant reforms in various sectors, including education, healthcare, and government administration, as well as a shift towards secularism and the promotion of Quebecois nationalism and identity.

41
Q

What is the Patriot Act?

A

A U.S. federal law enacted in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. It expanded the government’s surveillance and law enforcement powers to combat terrorism, including provisions related to wiretapping, intelligence gathering, and information sharing among government agencies.

42
Q

What is extremism?

A

Extremism refers to beliefs, behaviors, or actions that deviate significantly from societal norms or mainstream views, often advocating for radical or extreme ideologies.

43
Q

What is postmodernism?

A

Postmodernism questions traditional ideas about truth and reality, suggesting that they’re subjective and influenced by power. It emphasizes skepticism towards grand narratives and embraces individual experience and interpretation.

44
Q

What is a modern industrial complex?

A

the interconnected network of industries, corporations, and institutions involved in large-scale manufacturing, production, and distribution of goods and services within a society or economy.

45
Q

What was the Kyoto Protocol?

A

An international treaty aimed at combating global climate change.

46
Q

What is the WHO?

A

A specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.

47
Q

Citizen Advocacy

A

Efforts by individuals or groups to influence public policy and decision-making processes.

48
Q

Naturalization

A

The process by which a foreign citizen becomes a legal citizen of another country.

49
Q

Jus Soli

A

The right to citizenship is based on being born in a country.

50
Q

Jus Sanguinis

A

The right to citizenship based on the nationality or ethnicity of one’s parents.

51
Q

Apartheid

A

A policy of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa from 1948 to 1994.

52
Q
A

Social studies (10 decks)

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