Chapter 2-3 [Not including princibles] Flashcards
Autonomy
The capacity to make independent decisions and govern oneself, free from external control or influence.
Liberalism
A political ideology emphasizing individual freedoms, democracy, and equality, advocating for civil rights, free markets, and limited government intervention in personal lives.
Self Reliance
The ability and practice of relying on one’s own efforts, resources, and judgment rather than depending on others.
Kibbutz
A collective community in Israel, traditionally based on agriculture, where members share resources and work together to produce goods and services, emphasizing communal living and egalitarianism.
Most of them Jews wanting a new form of life.
NGO’s
Private, non-profit entities that operate independently of government, often involved in humanitarian, environmental, or social causes.
Class System
A social stratification structure in which individuals or groups are ranked based on wealth, occupation, education, and social status, often influencing opportunities, lifestyle, and life chances.
Enlightenment
A cultural and intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, skepticism, scientific inquiry, and individualism.
Age of reason
A period during the 17th and 18th centuries marked by a focus on rational thought, skepticism, and empirical evidence, often associated with the Enlightenment.
Humanists
Individuals who emphasize the value and agency of humans, advocating for the importance of human reason, ethics, and justice, often promoting education, culture, and a focus on human welfare and dignity.
Industrialization
The process of shifting from agriculture to machine-based production, involving technological innovation, urbanization, and factory-based mass production.
Laissez-faire Capitalism
An economic system with minimal government interference in business and industry.
Enclosure
The consolidation of common lands into private ownership. often leading to changes in land use and rural society during the 18th-century agricultural revolution.
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership of production means, profit motive, and market competition.
Nouveau Riche
Newly wealthy individuals who acquire wealth within their lifetime, often characterized by conspicuous consumption and seeking to distinguish themselves from old-money elites.
Traditional Economy
An economic system based on customs, traditions, and long-established practices, often involving subsistence agriculture and barter trade.
