Chapter 4 Flashcards
Classical Conservatism
A political ideology emphasizing tradition, social stability, and maintaining established institutions, often advocating for gradual change and respect for authority.
Socialism
An economic and political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership and control of production and distribution of goods.
Command Economy
An economic system where the government centrally plans and controls production, distribution, and prices.
Universal Suffrage
The right of all adult citizens to vote in elections, regardless of race, gender, or social status.
Communisim
A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society with communal ownership of all property and means of production.
Welfare Capitalism
A system combining a capitalist economy with social welfare programs (provided by businesses), ensuring workers’ rights and providing public services.
Feminisim
A movement advocating for women’s rights and gender equality in social, political, and economic spheres.
Chartism
A 19th-century British movement against the upper class advocating for a charter for political reforms, including universal male suffrage and secret ballots.
Human Rights
Basic rights and freedoms inherent to all individuals, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, or gender, including the right to life, liberty, and equality.
Socialism
An economic and political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership and management of the means of production, distribution, and exchange, with an emphasis on reducing economic inequality.
Labour Standards
Legal regulations or guidelines that establish the conditions of employment, such as working hours, wages, health and safety, and other labor rights.
Luddites
19th-century English workers who resisted industrialization and the use of machinery, fearing loss of jobs and negative impacts on traditional ways of life.
Labour Unions
Organized groups of workers who unite to advocate for their rights, wages, working conditions, and benefits through collective bargaining with employers.
Utopian Socialists
Early social reformers who sought to establish ideal communities with equitable distribution of wealth and cooperative living, often emphasizing idealistic visions of social harmony.
Marxism
A social, political, and economic theory developed by Karl Marx, focusing on the conflict between the proletariat and bourgeoisie, and advocating for a classless society and the abolition of private property.
Humanitarians
Individuals or organizations dedicated to promoting human welfare, often through philanthropic efforts, aid, and support for humanitarian causes such as poverty alleviation, health care, and human rights.
Mixed Economy
An economic system combining elements of both market and planned economies, where both private and public sectors play a role in production, distribution, and regulation.
Humanitarians
Individuals or groups who advocate for and promote human welfare, often engaging in charitable, philanthropic, or advocacy work to improve living conditions, human rights, and social justice.
Great Depression
A severe worldwide economic downturn that occurred in the 1930s, marked by widespread unemployment, bank failures, and a decline in industrial production and consumer spending.
progressivism
A political and social reform movement advocating for improvements in society through government intervention, regulation, and public policy, aiming to address issues such as corruption, inequality, and social injustice.
What did Robert Owen Do?
A 19th-century Welsh industrialist and social reformer who advocated for workers’ rights and better living conditions. He established cooperative communities and promoted the idea of a utopian society, emphasizing education, community cooperation, and labor reform.
What is John Maynard Keynes known for?
advocated for government intervention in the economy during times of recession (↑ spending for jobs and business support) and growth (↓ spending and increase taxes).
