Chapter 4

Question 1

Classical Conservatism

Answer 1

A political ideology emphasizing tradition, social stability, and maintaining established institutions, often advocating for gradual change and respect for authority.

Question 2

Socialism

Answer 2

An economic and political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership and control of production and distribution of goods.

Question 3

Command Economy

Answer 3

An economic system where the government centrally plans and controls production, distribution, and prices.

Question 4

Universal Suffrage

Answer 4

The right of all adult citizens to vote in elections, regardless of race, gender, or social status.

Question 5

Communisim

Answer 5

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society with communal ownership of all property and means of production.

Question 6

Welfare Capitalism

Answer 6

A system combining a capitalist economy with social welfare programs (provided by businesses), ensuring workers’ rights and providing public services.

Question 7

Feminisim

Answer 7

A movement advocating for women’s rights and gender equality in social, political, and economic spheres.

Question 8

Chartism

Answer 8

A 19th-century British movement against the upper class advocating for a charter for political reforms, including universal male suffrage and secret ballots.

Question 9

Human Rights

Answer 9

Basic rights and freedoms inherent to all individuals, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, religion, or gender, including the right to life, liberty, and equality.

Question 10

Socialism

Answer 10

An economic and political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership and management of the means of production, distribution, and exchange, with an emphasis on reducing economic inequality.

Question 11

Labour Standards

Answer 11

Legal regulations or guidelines that establish the conditions of employment, such as working hours, wages, health and safety, and other labor rights.

Question 12

Luddites

Answer 12

19th-century English workers who resisted industrialization and the use of machinery, fearing loss of jobs and negative impacts on traditional ways of life.

Question 13

Labour Unions

Answer 13

Organized groups of workers who unite to advocate for their rights, wages, working conditions, and benefits through collective bargaining with employers.

Question 14

Utopian Socialists

Answer 14

Early social reformers who sought to establish ideal communities with equitable distribution of wealth and cooperative living, often emphasizing idealistic visions of social harmony.

Question 15

Marxism

Answer 15

A social, political, and economic theory developed by Karl Marx, focusing on the conflict between the proletariat and bourgeoisie, and advocating for a classless society and the abolition of private property.

Question 16

Humanitarians

Answer 16

Individuals or organizations dedicated to promoting human welfare, often through philanthropic efforts, aid, and support for humanitarian causes such as poverty alleviation, health care, and human rights.

Question 17

Mixed Economy

Answer 17

An economic system combining elements of both market and planned economies, where both private and public sectors play a role in production, distribution, and regulation.

Question 18

Humanitarians

Answer 18

Individuals or groups who advocate for and promote human welfare, often engaging in charitable, philanthropic, or advocacy work to improve living conditions, human rights, and social justice.

Question 19

Great Depression

Answer 19

A severe worldwide economic downturn that occurred in the 1930s, marked by widespread unemployment, bank failures, and a decline in industrial production and consumer spending.

Question 20

progressivism

Answer 20

A political and social reform movement advocating for improvements in society through government intervention, regulation, and public policy, aiming to address issues such as corruption, inequality, and social injustice.

Question 21

What did Robert Owen Do?

Answer 21

A 19th-century Welsh industrialist and social reformer who advocated for workers’ rights and better living conditions. He established cooperative communities and promoted the idea of a utopian society, emphasizing education, community cooperation, and labor reform.

Question 22

What is John Maynard Keynes known for?

Answer 22

advocated for government intervention in the economy during times of recession (↑ spending for jobs and business support) and growth (↓ spending and increase taxes).