Chapters 7 & 5

Question 1

Censorship.

Answer 1

Restricting freedom of expression/access to ideas to protect the common good

Question 2

Totalitarianism.

Answer 2

A gov system that seeks complete control over the public & private lives of its citizens

Question 3

Collectivization.

Answer 3

Economic policy where all land is taken away from private owners & combined in large. (ex. collectively worked farms)

Question 4

Authoritarianism.

Answer 4

Form of government with authority vested in an elite group that may or may not rule in the interests of the people

Question 5

Communism.

Answer 5

A system of society with property vested in the community & each member working for the common benefit according to his or her capacity & receiving according to their needs.

Question 6

Dissidents.

Answer 6

People who oppose the official part, especially of an authoritarian state.

Question 7

Dissent.

Answer 7

political act of disagreeing; the right to disagree.

Question 8

Proletariat.

Answer 8

Workers or working-class people that are regarded collectively

Question 9

Fascism.

Answer 9

An extreme right-wing, anti-democratic nationalist movement which led to totalitarian forms of government in Germany and Italy from 1920-1940

Question 10

Bourgeoisie.

Answer 10

The high-middle class, typically regarding its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.

Question 11

Reactionary.

Answer 11

Tending to oppose change A reactionary change in a political regime often idealizes the past and accepts economic equality.

Question 12

Propaganda.

Answer 12

Exaggeration and misrepresentation of information to rally support for a cause or an issue.

Question 13

Radical.

Answer 13

An extreme radical change that often rejects the political and economic traditions of the past.

Question 14

Eugenics

Answer 14

The practice or advocacy of controlled selective breeding of human populations (as by sterilization) to improve the population composition

Question 15

What was the iron curtain?

Answer 15

The Iron Curtain refers to the ideological and physical barrier that divided Europe into two separate spheres of influence after World War II. It was established by the Soviet Union to block off its satellite states in Eastern Europe from Western Europe, symbolizing the divide between communist and capitalist ideologies.

Question 16

Define Brinkmanship.

Answer 16

A diplomatic strategy where parties involved in a conflict or negotiation push tensions to the brink of disaster to achieve their objectives

(Cuban Missile Crisis)

Question 17

What was the Cold War?

Answer 17

A period of geopolitical tension between the United States and its allies, and the Soviet Union and its allies, lasting roughly from the end of World War II in 1945 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Characterized by ideological, political, and military rivalry, it saw competition in areas such as nuclear arms development, space exploration, and proxy conflicts in various regions around the world.

Question 18

Define containment.

Answer 18

The prevention of the spread of an ideology or ideas through the use of policies or aid for other countries.

Question 19

Define alignment.

Answer 19

In the interests of security, countries align themselves with superpowers some countries where influenced to align through political and economic factors

Question 20

Detente.

Answer 20

A period of improved relations and reduced tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Promoted cooperation, particularly in areas such as arms control, trade, and cultural exchange.

Question 21

Deterrence.

Answer 21

The building of ones capacity to fight such that neither opponent will fight because of the expected outcomes

Question 22

Expansionism.

Answer 22

The attempt to enlarge territorial and ideological influence beyond a country’s borders and allies.

Question 23

Liberation Movements

Answer 23

During the Cold War, liberation movements referred to various nationalist and anti-colonial movements in Africa, Asia, and Latin America seeking independence from colonial powers or asserting their sovereignty against foreign influence. Many of these movements were supported by either the United States or the Soviet Union, depending on their alignment with either the capitalist or communist blocs.

Question 24

define McCarthyism

Answer 24

McCarthyism refers to the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence, particularly in the United States during the early Cold War era, named after Senator Joseph McCarthy. It involved a campaign of anti-communist hysteria, characterized by aggressive investigations, blacklisting, and persecution of individuals suspected of having communist sympathies or affiliations.

Question 25

Define non-alignment.

Answer 25

To prevent other nations from influencing them, countries choose nonalignment and control problems internally.

Question 26

Define proxy wars.

Answer 26

Proxy wars during the Cold War were conflicts fought between two opposing ideologies, usually capitalism and communism, indirectly through third-party nations.

Question 27

What was the Yalta Conference?

Answer 27

Attended by USA, UK, and USSR, the conference aimed to discuss post-war Europe’s reorganization, including the division of Germany, the establishment of the United Nations, and the Soviet Union’s entry into the war against Japan.

Question 28

Define superpowers.

Answer 28

Superpowers refer to nations with significantly more economic, military, and political influence on the global stage compared to other countries.

USA and the USSR

Question 29

define the Truman doctrine

Answer 29

The Truman Doctrine was a foreign policy initiative announced by President Harry S. Truman in 1947, aimed at containing the spread of communism and supporting nations threatened by communist insurgencies or aggression.

Question 30

define hot war.

Answer 30

direct military confrontation between opposing forces

Question 31

define the Marshall Plan

Answer 31

a plan aimed to provide economic assistance for post-war reconstruction, promote stability, and prevent the spread of communism ** in Europe.**

Question 32

define the Berlin Wall

Answer 32

Wall constructed to divide up berlin from capitalist to socialist berlin.

Meant to keep the individuals in east berlin.

Question 33

define Mutually Assured Destruction.

Answer 33

a belief that posits that if both superpowers possess enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other entirely, neither side would risk initiating a nuclear attack, as the response would lead to the total annihilation of both parties.

Question 34

define Espionage.

Answer 34

Espionage refers to the practice of obtaining secret or confidential information from a rival or enemy entity through covert means

Question 35

define the red scare.

Answer 35

The Red Scare refers to periods of intense anti-communist hysteria and fear, particularly in the United States during the early 20th century and the Cold War era.

Lead to McCarthyism

Question 36

define House Un-American Activities
Committee

Answer 36

Created to investigate suspected disloyalty and subversive activities by Nazi sympathizers, it later focused on rooting out alleged communist influence and espionage within American society.

Question 37

what did Friedrich Engels

Answer 37

Engels was best known for his collaboration with Karl Marx in developing Marxist theory

Question 38

what did JFK do?

Answer 38

spearheaded the cubanMC the SR, and Birlin wall thing.