Unit 4 Flashcards
What is the bronstead and Lowry definition of an acid?
A proton donor
What is the bronstead and Lowry definition of an base?
A proton acceptor
What is the most important rule to keep in mind when doing arrow pushing
For every arrow you push you must create a bond or a lone pair
What is the rule between the pKa and Acid strength?
The lower the pKa the stronger the acid
Which acid does equilibrium favor?
The weaker acid
What’s the formula for pKeq?
pKa (acid) - pKa (conjugate acid)
What is pKeq equal to?
pKeq = -logKeq
What relationship between Keq and 1 makes products predominant at equilibrium?
Keq > 1
What relationship between Keq and 1 makes reactants predominant at equilibrium?
Keq < 1
What relationship between Keq and 1 makes products and reactants equal at equilibrium?
Keq = 1
What type of reaction gives off heat?
Exergonic
What type of reaction absorbs heat?
Endogonic
What’s a trick to determine the base in the reaction?
A negative charge usually indicates a base
How do you determine which side is predominant without pKa values?
-Find which molecule is more stable
-If there in the same group think about size (the bigger one is more stable)
-More resonance means more stability
-The lower the Sp the more electronegative
-Atoms might pull electron density through sigma bonds
How do you figure out if something is protonated or deprotonated?
pH < pKA = protonated
pH > pKA = depronated
