Isomers (Midterm 2) Flashcards
What are isomers?
They are molecules that have the same molecular formula but are different in arrangement of atoms
What are the two types of isomer?
Stereoisomers and Constitutional isomers
What are steroisomers?
They’re two different molecules with the same MF and same connectivity but have a different orientation in space
What are constitutional isomers?
They’re molecules that have the same MF but different connectivity
What are the two types of stereoisomers?
Configurational and conformational
What defines configurational stereoisomers?
Configurational isomers cannot be inter converted (rotated) into the other by bond rotation
What defines conformational isomers?
Conformational isomers can be inter converted (rotated) into the other by bond rotation
What is the difference between enantiomers and diastereomers?
Enantiomers are perfect mirror images and diastereomers are not
How do you identify meso compounds?
They must have two chiral centers
Each chiral center should have the same four groups attached
Needs to be [R,S] or [S,R]
Meso compounds are achiral
How many chiral centers are necessary for it to be diasteromers?
2
How many chiral centers are necessary for it to be enantiomers or conformational isomers (same molecule)?
Only one
What is it called when the rotation of the molecule is negative/clockwise
Dextrorotatory
What is it called when the rotation of the molecule is positive/counterclockwise?
Levorotatory
What is a 50/50 solution of enantiomers called?
Racemic mixure
What term do we use to describe racemic mixtures?
Optically inactive
What are the strongest acid and base that can exist in water?
Acid: hydronium
Base: hydroxide
