Basic Mechanistic Steps Flashcards
What are the names of the four basic mechanistic steps?
- Attack of the nucleophile (Make a bond)
- Add a proton
- Remove a proton
- Departure of the leaving group (Break a bond)
What is the “attack of the nucleophile”?
It happens when the nucleophile makes a bond with the electrophile.
What is “add a proton”?
It happens when the carbon based molecule takes a proton from the non-carbon based molecule
What is “Removing a proton”?
It happens when the carbon based molecule gives a proton to the non-carbon based molecule
What is departure of the leaving group?
It’s where the most electronegative part of the carbon based atom breaks off
What is the Markovnikov rule?
The hydrogen of the electrophile adds to the carbon that has the maximum # of hydrogen.
What is regioselectivity?
Regioselectivity determines the CONSTITUTIONAL isomer that is formed (If you select one over the other the reaction is regioselective)
What is a stereoselective reaction?
One in which one stereoisomer is formed over the other (It’s optically active)
How are carbocations stabilized?
They are stabilized by alkyl groups due to inductive effect and hypercongjugation
What does substituted mean?
The most substituted carbon will be the carbon with the most carbons attached
What is the path of electron density through hyperconjugation?
Sigma to 2p
Which 1,2 shift is preferred if both are available and equal?
1,2 hydrogen shift
