Unit 4

Question 1

Work motivation

Answer 1

Impulse of achieving goals in an organisational environments

Question 2

Content related theories

Answer 2

Why do some people are motivated with their job while others are not? Divided into individual needs, situational needs and a combination of

Question 3

Genetic Base (Mccelland)

Answer 3

There are 3 needs presented in everyone: affiliations, achievements and power. However each person has a more highlighted need which determines which job will provide that person with the highest motivation.
The thematic apperception test measures which need is more dominant

Question 4

Mallows pyramid

Answer 4

Pyramid which goes from the most essential needs to self actualisation. A lack in this needs it’s what causes motivation. Yo need to fulfil the lowest need to go on into the next one. There are certain problems with this theory, as the term self - actualisation is not specifically defined. The hierarchy is very rigid, there is a lack of empirical evidence and this model should vary depending on the culture

Question 5

Basic Motives (Reiss)

Answer 5

We all have 16 motives, however, there are some which are more present than others. By identifying which motives are more present we can look a work associated to them to have motivation

Question 6

Holland

Answer 6

If your personality, your favourite activities, and your job have a correlation, motivation will appear. There are 6 types of job position. Investigative, artistic, entrepreneurial, realistic, conventional, and social CESARÍA

Question 7

Herzberg’s two factor theory

Answer 7

There are two types of motivation extrinsic (bills) and intrinsic (job satisfaction) and 2 ways to increase motivation are job enlargement (variety) and job enrichment (responsibility)

Question 8

Job characteristic model (Hackman and Oldman)

Answer 8

Based on the job diagnostic model, there are 5 core dimensions in a job (skill variety, task identity, task significance, feedback and autonomy) which influence psychological states ( meaningfulness of work, responsibility and actual results) and bidirectionally cause certain outcomes as job performance, high intrinsic motivation and low absenteeism. We cannot infer causality as we should need to see the long term effects of this model.

Question 9

Motivational Potential score

Answer 9

Capacity of a job to be motivating

Question 10

Flow theory

Answer 10

State of maximum motivation when you perform challenging but achievable tasks. To achieve it you need clear goals and rules, your skills need to match the task’s demands, and feedback is required. With this feeling you would finde positive affect, concentration and no fatigue. Furthermore the new research directions are: training flow, theoretical vagueness and subjectivity.

Question 11

Principles of motivational work design

Answer 11

Natural work units, vertical loading (easy to challenging, flow) encourage relationship with customers, opening feedback channels and combine tasks

Question 12

Process related theories

Answer 12

Transforming motivation into effective behaviours

Question 13

Expectancy model

Answer 13

Force = E ( I x V)
Effort - result - consequence - value
The limitations are: multiplicative combination, very rational, focused on extrinsic, no individual differences, not seen over time

Question 14

Collective effort model

Answer 14

Add to expectancy model, in instrumentality, contingency types

Question 15

VIST MODEL

Answer 15

add to expectancy model self efficacy and trust

Question 16

goal-setting theory

Answer 16

to obtain goals, there is a process: the gaol characteristics, with the mediational processes (direction, intensity, persistence and strategies) will provide motivation and good performance. However, what influences this mediating processes are the moderators (task complexity, commitment, self-efficacy and feedback) The challenges of this model are they do not count with personal differences, not seen over team, not clear goals.

Question 17

Self-regulation theory

Answer 17

There are 3 stages in self regulation: self monitoring (where you decide your performance), self-evaluation (where you evaluate that performance) and self-reaction (where you punish or reward your performance). The problem in this model is that, they do not know if self-efficacy (belief of being capable) influences self-regulation, or viceversa.

Question 18

Justice theories

Answer 18

Based onnthe equity theory there are 3 types of justice. The distributional justice, same price for everyone, the procedural justice, same process for everyone, and the psychological justice, things which are not in the contract but if are breaken motivation will rapidly decrease.

Question 19

goal-setting theory improvement

Answer 19

looking if by achieving group objectives, a person can achieve personal objectives