Unit 4 Flashcards
Witch craze
Killing of mostly women due to belief they did heresy and activities with the devil. Grew because of religious uncertainty (Catholics vs. Protestant)
Peace of Augsburg
In the Holy Roman Empire by Charles V that was religious tolerance. German princes could choose Lutheranism or Catholicism.
30 year war phases
1: Bohemia: local, religous
2: Danish
3: Swedish: contential
4: French: political
Letter of majesty (1609)
Signed by German prince in Bohemia that gave religious tolerance to Protestants and Catholics
Defenestration of Prague
Catholic officials sent by Ferdinand are thrown out the window by Protestants helping escalate the 30 year war.
Battle of white mountain
During 30yr war first phase, Catholics won with help of Albrecht Von Wallenstein. Protestants and Frederick V lost.
Battle of Rocroi
During last phase of 30yr war. French won against Spanish making them lose more power.
Peace of Westphalia
Ended the 30yr war between France and Germany. Gave princes in the Holy Roman Empire ability to chose religion and control over state (autonomy)
Fronde
The French nobility against Louis XIV who caused uprisings against the monarch.
Edict of Nantes
Religious tolerance to Huguenots (P) but Catholic is preferred, ends violence in France. Politique from Henry IV (Navarre)
Edict of Fontainebleau
From Louis XIV, Opposite of Nantes and says that everyone has to be catholic
Wars of Louis XIV
Spanish War of Succession: worry over louis getting Spain and France after Charles II died
War of league of Augsburg: against Spain and HRE
Wars put France into debt and increase famine
Treaty of Utrecht
End Spanish succession war (1715)
Time of troubles
In Russia when they didm’t know who was Tsar. There were false Dmitry’s because the real one was killed. After Ivan killed his son and died.
Azov Campaign
Peter the great wanted access to Black Sea so fought Turks. While he gained it then he lost it in a later war.
Beard Tax
Peter the great cut off peoples beards to try and westernize Russia. People started to dislike the west because of this.
English Civil War
James I wants to be absolute but fights parliament so does Charles I who is next. He gets killed and Oliver Cromwell takes over, creating a dictatorship. After he dies people want monarchy back, Charles II comes but didn’t get along with parliament. James II also isn’t liked because he liked Catholics. William of Orange and Mary come in and take over, but understand power so everything is okay.
Gustavus Adolphus
Head of Swedish army and invades HRE in support of protestants in 30yr war. Master of military and gets them very far, till his death.
Ferdinand II
King of HRE when 30 year was going on. His officials get defenestrated.
Louis XIII
King of France in the 30yr war. Son of Henry IV (Navarre)
Charles V
King of HRE and Spain that splits it into 2 rulers. Does the Peace of Augsburg giving religious tolerance.
Christian IV of Denmark
Attacks HRE in 30yr war for protestants during the Danish phase.gets pushed back by Catholics.
Bourbon dynasty
Started in France with Henry IV (Navarre)
Streltsys
In russia, the Guardsmen. Also a group of people that tried to rise in favor of Peter the greats sister but were beat down by his new huge army
Boyars
Russian NObles
Hohenzollern Dynasty
Started Prussia after HRE fell
Frederick William the Great Elector
Prussia Monarch that created standing army and made it so nobles couldn’t run gov’t but had power over peasants.
Junkers
Nobles in Prussia
Stuart Monarchy
In England James I started it after Elizabeth I
Long parliament
The cavalier parliment fighting with Charles I
Rump Parliment p
Wanted to get Charles I out of England and disperses with Oliver after he wants more power. Basically cromwell’s parliament
Roundheads
In England support Nobles
Petition of right
1628, English Parliament makes it so no random acts of treason. Gives power back to them
Cavaliers
Support king in England
Russian Synod
Peter the great used his one people to head Orthodox Church
Table of Ranks
In russia, was order of Russian nobles that gave promotions more based on merit (like army service and civil). Started by Peter the Great
Magna Carta
In England, written in 1215. Limited a monarchs power so they weren’t above the law.
Albrecht Von Wallenstein
Fought for Catholics under the HRE during the 30 years war. Was a little to successful in defeated the protestants so got assassinated.
Cardinal Richelieu
Under Louis XIV, supported absolutism and sent intendants out to strengthen
Cardinal Marzin
After Richelieu, faced problems with the fronde.
Louis XIV
The sun king, that is the definition of absolutism in FRance. Took power through Versailles and had lots of wars.
Romanov Dynasty
Put in place after the time of troubles in Russia.
Ivan the great
Ivan III was the first Russian King to use the title of Tsar. Reigned from 1462-1505.
Janissaries
Ottoman Muslim Turks who were really devoted to empire and were an outstanding Military.
Peter the Great
Russian Tsar who westernized Russia with things like the beard tax and fighting the Swedes for warm water port.
Frederick William I- Soldier King
In Prussia, had an obsession with military. He transformed Prussia from a 2nd rate power to become prosperous.
Glorious Revolution
Under William III (orange) and Mary II, made England more stable after Civil wars. Worked well with Parliament (understood power) after attacking England to gain power (which was welcomed).
Rise of Prussia
Starting with the Hohenzollerns and Frederick II (The great elector) used Military to become power because they were land locked. Fixed problem with nobles by giving them power over serfdom and levying taxes.
James I
King of England and pushed for absolutism, parliament isn’t happy because he doesn’t follow Magna Carta. Uses lots of money and puts into debt.
Charles I
After James I (1625-49), also tries to be define. Ends parliament, parliament creates petition of right to prohibit him. Marries daughter to a catholic which makes people question his religious beliefs. He is killed by Cromwell and taken over.
Oliver Cromwell
Removes the king and tries to make a common wealth. Want to take more power and becomes dictatorship. Faces opposition
Charles II
Asked to come back after Cromwell (1660), had some problems with parliament over religion. Wasn’t absolute.
James II
Tries to bring back monarchy and religious problems with parliament. Gets replaced
William III and Mary II
House of Orange
Replace James II in England after invading. Understand there power and co rule. Start the glorious Revolution and create English Bill of rights.
