Reaction, Revolution And Romanticism Flashcards
Klemens Von Metternich
Austrian head of foreign affairs, created the congress of Vienna in reaction to FR.rev. Very conservative as he hates democracy and loves monarchy. Helped to crush any nationalism and democracy in Europe.
Congress of Vienna
With Austria, Prussia, Britain and Russia to redraw Europe. Made Prussia and Austria bigger (taking Germ. States and Aus gets It. City states). Russia gets Poland and the creation of the German confederation. Kingdom of Netherlands also created to keep balance of power. All to keep France surrounded.
Concert of Europe
The political order created from the congress of Vienna to balance power and stop revolutions across Europe. To maintain status quo. France eventually added to alliance
Quadruple Alliance
Countries that fought against napoleon and created congress, Austria, Prussia, Russia and Britain.
Principle of Legitimacy
By Metternich, The idea that Monarchy is only legit gov’t, creating monarchy in France/spain and giving Poland to Austria,Prussia and most to Russia
Principle of Intervention
By Metternich, Idea that powerful countries could intervene in others affairs to stop revolutions and keep monarchy. Sent troops to Naples, Spain and France. Tried to in Latin America but England stopped them.
Balance of power
Not one country to powerful as to maintain status quo of no revolution/war.
Conservatism
Against ideals of French Revolution, no Democracy as it hurts people, only monarchy is good gov’t.
Liberalism
People should be free from gov’t restraint, Lassiez Faire, supported by enlightenment and working class men. Protect liberties, religious tolerance and separation of church and state but limited sufferage (no low class or women)
Socialism
In response to Industrial Revolution/slums/poverty. Idea that everyone should work together and with same conditions.
Utopian socialists
Believed everyone could work together in same conditions without greed, wanted to creating cities where this was the case. People like Fourier and Flora Tristan.
Romanticism
Art movement challenging enlightenment moving away from reason and towards feeling/emotion. Focus on nature, heroes, love, etc.
Mary Shelley
Wrote Frankenstein which is a great example of reaction to enlightenment and fear of change/science. Was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft but never met her.
Edgar Allen Poe
Example of Gothic literature, with unusual and horror stories.
Caspar David Friedrich
Painter, saw nature as divine and that art was based on one’s feelings. Lots of landscapes.
JMW Turner
Landscapes concerned with the industrial killing nature and that we will lose sight of natures beauty. Convert moods, not realistic.
Eugene Delacroix
Painter who used lots of color, theatrics and movement. Loved the exotic and put eroticism in his art which was controversial.
Ludwig Beethoven
Bridge between Classical and Romantic. Created lots of music with deep feeling. Slowly went deaf.
Hector Berlioz
Start of Program music which was telling a story with emotion through music. Created Symphonies Fantastique while he was in an opium dream.
Urbanization
Process of people moving from rural areas working on farms to living in cities working in factories
Agricultural Revolution
Starting in England, changing to more affective farming with things like 4 field system (instead of 3) and selective breeding. Creates more food quicker
Cottage industry
Process of merchants giving a house raw material that family than creates a product with and the merchant gives them money and sells the new good.
Enclosure act
England, process of once free farm land turned into private property. Process towards more capitalist society but also put many peasants out of work and food
Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves, machine that spun wool and cotton faster and more efficient than by hand in 1767
Water frame
By Richard Arkwright in 1775, spun large quantities of cotton yarn powered by water.
Power loom
By Edmund Cartwright in 1785 that automated the weaving process of cotton transforming the textile industry
Steam engine
By James Watts used in all types of industries a way to power machines with steam and coal. One of the most important in the Industrial Revolution.
Proletariat
Working class that developed in the 1800s
Pig Iron
Iron that wasn’t always the best or most refined as was brittle
Wrought Iron
Came from pig iron but was more useful and refined as wasn’t brittle and used a lot in the Industrial Revolution until steel.
Steam Locomotive
By Richard Trevithick was the start of cars and faster transportation powered by steam engine.
Manchester
One of the centers of industrialization in England, had lots of canals and raw materials. Richard Arkwright opened his first cotton factory here. Shows the rapid growth and factories of the age. Was the first industry city in England
Great Exhibition of 1851
By England to show rest of world how they were number one in industry. Showed how they had beat nature and lead the world. In the crystal place which was a huge glass building to show prowess.
Tariffs
A tax on goods from other countries (imports). Goal in Industrial Revolution to get country to make more goods at home instead of buy from England
