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Botany (BIOL 231) > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

the study of how organisms interact with their environment

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2
Q

Biotic

A

bacteria, plants, animals, fungi, protista

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3
Q

Abiotic

A

atmosphere, temperature, water, soil, pressure, light

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4
Q

Terrestrial

A
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5
Q

Aquatic

A
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6
Q

Temperature

A
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7
Q

Precipitation

A
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8
Q

Permafrost

A
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9
Q

Intrinsic Factor

A

sex ratios, gestation/incubation period, age structure, clutch size, migration, frequency of reproduction, survivorship, age of first reproduction, parental care

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10
Q

Extrinsic Factor

A

prey density, prey distribution, prey availability, parasites, disease, interspecific competition

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11
Q

Dispersion/Distribution

A

how are individuals spread out in an area
A. uniform
B. random
C. clumped

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12
Q

Demographics

A

trends in a population

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13
Q

Immigration

A

join a population from elsewhere

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14
Q

Emigration

A

leave a population to go elsewhere

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15
Q

Migration

A

movement

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16
Q

Species richness

A
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17
Q

Abundance

A
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18
Q

Diversity

A
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19
Q

Lag Phase

A

less steep part of an exponential/logistic graph

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20
Q

Exponential Phase

A

more steep part of an exponential/logistic graph

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21
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

amount of resources available to the population

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22
Q

Overshoot

A

when population size is too great for the amount of resources

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23
Q

Dieback

A

when population size decreases after an overshoot

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24
Q

Survivorship

A

the probability of a cohort surviving to their next life stage

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25
Q

Local vs global extinction

A

in a local extinction, species may die out from one area but be able to migrate from another area. in a global extinction, all species die out in all populations

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26
Q

Semelparity

A

a suicidal act of reproduction

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27
Q

Iteroparity

A

reproducing year after year

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28
Q

r-selected

A

lots of offspring, low survival rate, low parent support

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29
Q

K-selected

A

few offspring, high survival rate, high parent support

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30
Q

Altricial

A

hatched or born requiring care from parents

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31
Q

Precocial

A

hatched or born not requiring parental care

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32
Q

Density Dependence

A

population growth rates are regulated by population density

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33
Q

Density Independence

A

population growth rates are not regulated by population density

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34
Q

Keystone Species

A

a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically

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35
Q

Species Dominance

A

to the group of species that have the most significant influence or control over the other

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36
Q

Trophic Level

A

each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy

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37
Q

Producer/Autotroph

A

plants, algae

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38
Q

Consumer/Heterotroph

A

primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer

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39
Q

Food Chain

A

bitch you should know what this is

40
Q

Food Web

A

mf who doesn’t know what a food web is

41
Q

Succession

A

the change in either species composition, structure, or architecture of vegetation through time

42
Q

Pioneer Species

A

the species that first colonize new habitats created by disturbance

43
Q

Climax Species

A

plant species that can germinate and grow with limited resources

44
Q

Primary Succession

A

when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time

45
Q

Secondary Succession

A

happens when a climax community or intermediate community is impacted by a disturbance

46
Q

Autogenous Environmental Change

A

changes caused by plants

47
Q

Allogenic Environmental Change

A

changes caused by factors other than plants

48
Q

Predation

A
49
Q

Optimal Foraging

A

decisions a predator has to make when going after prey

50
Q

Searching Time

A

time to find food

51
Q

Handling Time

A

time to catch, subdue, and consume prey

52
Q

Predation Time

A

time you are exposed to the other predators

53
Q

Unpalatable Risk

A

risk food will taste bad or cause illness

54
Q

Freezing

A

stopping all movement

55
Q

Cover Seeking

A

ducking under object, slow movement

56
Q

Fleeing

A

running away if they are fast enough

57
Q

Chemical Defenses

A

exactly what it sounds like dumbass

58
Q

Warning Structures

A

warn predators about poison or venom

59
Q

Warning Coloration

A

bright colors or highly contrasting colors advertising a warning

60
Q

Camouflage

A

ability to blend in with your surroundings

61
Q

Cryptic Coloration

A

matching surrounding objects

62
Q

Distortive Coloration

A

color patterns used to confuse

63
Q

Countershading

A

camourlage from above and below

64
Q

Batesian Mimicry

A

when a palatable/non-dangerous individual looks like an unpalatable/dangerous individual

65
Q

Mullerian Mimicry

A

when two species resemble each other for the sake of numbers

66
Q

Aggressive Mimicry

A

having lures to bring prey closer

67
Q

Collective Mimicry

A

many small individuals group together to look like one big individual

68
Q

Competition

A

when 2+ individuals attempt to use the same limited resources

69
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

competition between the same species

70
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

competition between different species

71
Q

Consumption

A

someone else is already eating the food

72
Q

Preemption

A

territory is already occupied

73
Q

Overgrowth

A

plants growing over each other preventing resource usage

74
Q

Allopathy

A

the effects (stimulatory and inhibitory) of a plant on the development of neighboring plants through the release of secondary compounds

75
Q

Territorial

A

negative interaction inside one’s territory

76
Q

Encounter

A

negative interactions inside one’s territory

77
Q

Competitive Exclusion

A

two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinitely

78
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

the division of resources to avoid interspecific competition for limited resources in an ecosystem

79
Q

Symbiosis

A

a relationship, for better or for worse between two or more individuals

80
Q

Parasitism

A

one benefits while the other is harmed

81
Q

Microparasite

A

small parasites

82
Q

Macroparasite

A

large parasites

83
Q

Ectoparasite

A

external parasite

84
Q

Endoparasite

A

internal parasite

85
Q

Kleptoparasite

A

steal prey from others

86
Q

Nest Parasite

A

cowbirds

87
Q

Direct Transmission

A

Where a healthy plant comes into contact with any part of a diseased plant

88
Q

Indirect Transmission

A

when a plant becomes infected without any direct contact

89
Q

Vector

A

the molecule which ‘carries’ foreign genetic material into another cell to be replicated and expressed

90
Q

Mutualism

A

both individuals benefit
- can be obligatory, can just make life easier

91
Q

Symbiotic Mutualism

A

obligatory coexistance (ex: nitrogen fixing prokaryotes and plants, protists in digestive tract)

92
Q

Non-Symbiotic Mutualism

A

no coexistance but need each other for a function (ex: flowers and pollinators)

93
Q

Commensalism

A

one individual benefits, the other is unaffected

94
Q

Ammensalism

A

one is unaffected, the other is harmed

95
Q

Neutralism

A

neither are affected

Botany (BIOL 231) (6 decks)

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