Unit 4 1.2 After School Assessments Flashcards

1
Q

What is the criminal justice system

A

This is in England wales and it is a complex network of agencies which each play a key role in enforcing the law, delivering justice and ensuring public safety.

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2
Q

Explain the role of the Police in the criminal justice system

A
  • they are responsible for investigating crimes, collecting evidence and arresting suspects.
  • they work with the courts to ensure defendants in custody and brought before them
  • they often give evidence in court
  • they work closely with the crown prosecution service to determine whether there is enough evidence to charge a suspect
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3
Q

Ministry of justice

A

They oversee the work of
1. Hm courts and tribunal services
2. Probation services
3. Prison systems

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4
Q

Courts

A
  • This is where criminal cases are heard and decided.
  • the magistrate courts deal with less serious offences while the crown courts handle the more serious cases
    -the judges and magistrates oversee the trials to ensure their fair and decide on guilt or innocence based on the evidence shared
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5
Q

Law creation

A
  • this is the domain of the parliament
  • the government ministers, mp’s or lords propose new laws or amendments which then go through the legislative process.
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6
Q

Formal punishment

A
  • once a person is found guilty the courts will determine the appropriate punishment e.g. prison sentence, fine, community service
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7
Q

Describe the role of the crown prosecution service

A

The CPS is responsible for deciding whether to prosecute a case, based on the evidence collected by the police and whether it is in the public interest to bring charges

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8
Q

Relationship between agencies

A

The criminal justice system rely on close cooperation between different agencies including the police, cops, courts, probation services and prison authorities.

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9
Q

Summary of the criminal justice system procedure

A
  1. Law creation- a criminal law is made in parliament
  2. Police then enforce the law that is made by investigation breaches of criminal law, they will arrest a suspect and use their powers of detention.
  3. Cps- they advise the police on the appropriate charge
  4. Suspect brought before the court- all cases start at the magistrate court and around 5% go to the crown court
  5. The defendant released on bail or their remanded in to custody
  6. A guilty plea will result in sentencing or a plea of not guilty is a trial this will include witnesses giving evidence and then a bench of magistrates will decide the verdict
  7. If convicted a formal punishment will be given by the magistrates or the judge, if given a custodial sentence they are sent to prison
  8. Hm prison service oversee the welfare of prisoners
  9. When released from prison a prisoner is usually on license and is subject to supervision by the probation service, any breach may result in return to prison.
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10
Q

Explain the role of the criminal justice system

A

Law enforcement- The police investigate crimes, arrest suspects and gather evidence for prosecution
Crime prevention- they work to stop crimes from happening by patrolling areas, offering advice to the public and using surveillance
Public order- the police manage large gatherings, protests and events to ensure safety and prevent disorder
Support for victims- the police provide help and protection to victims of crime
Community engagement- building trust with the public to encourage cooperation and reduce crime

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11
Q

Describe the relationship between the courts and the police in the criminal justice system

A

Investigation- The police gather evidence and submit reports to the crown prosecution service which then decide whether to prosecute
Arrest and charge- after arresting a suspect the police charge them with a crime based on the evidence
Court proceedings- the police may be called to give evidence or provide witness statements during the trial
Bail and remand- the police are involved on whether a suspect should be released on bail or kept in custody until the trial
Enforcement of court orders- the police help enforce court orders such as arrest warrants or restraining orders

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12
Q

Describe how laws are created and enforced in the criminal justice system of England and wales

A

Law creation- laws are created by parliament through the legislative process which includes readings, debates and royal assent
Enforcement by police- the police enforce these laws by investigating crimes, arresting suspects and ensuring public safety
Role of courts- the courts interpret and apply the law during trials, ensuring justice is served, they determine the guilt or innocence and impose sentences
Criminal sanctions- laws are enforced through penalties like fines, community service or imprisonment

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13
Q

Explain how the different agencies in the criminal justice system cooperate to ensure formal punishment is carried out

A

Police and courts- the police gather evidence for the courts, once a suspect is convicted the courts impose a sentence
Courts and prisons- after sentencing the courts hand over convicted individuals to the prison service or other agencies
Probation service- works with offenders serving community sentences or released on license to service and rehabilitate them
Cooperation- all these agencies must communicate and share information to ensure that justice is carried out effectively

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14
Q

Describe the roles of the police, the courts and the prison service in the criminal justice system

A

The police investigate crimes, gather evidence and arrest suspects. The courts are responsible for conducting trials and delivering verdicts. The prison service manages the incarceration and rehabilitation of convicted offender.

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15
Q

Describe the relationship between the police and the CPS during a criminal investigation

A

The police collect evidence and present it to the CPS which reviews the evidence to decide whether to prosecute. The cops may advise the police on further evidence required and recommend charges based on the strength of the case and public interest

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16
Q

Describe how the various organizations within the CJS such as the police, cps, courts and probation service work together to achieve justice

A

The police investigate crimes and gather evidence which is passed to the cps for review. The cps then decide on prosecution and if a case goes to trial the courts hear it and deliver a verdict. If the accused is convicted the prison or probation service manages their punishment and rehabilitation. These organizations work in a sequence each contributing to ensuring that justice is served fairly and effectively.

17
Q

What is an example of a crime/law that varies from culture to culture ?

A

Polygamy- this is the practice of having more than 1 wife or husband at the same time
Polygyny- man married to multiple wives
Polyandry- woman married to multiple husbands

-It is not legal in the uk as bigamy which is marriage when a person is already married is a criminal offence and it is punishable for up to 7 years.
-However it is legal in Africa, Asia involving Algeria, Mali, niger, Saudi Arabia and Iran.
- illegal in Europe, Australia and America

18
Q

Why does the crime polygamy vary across cultures ?

A

-The reason is due to religion as polygamy is permitted in Islam and Mormonism but it is not in Christianity
- also tradition in some cultures its been practiced for generations

19
Q

What is capital punishment

A

This is the legal authoritised killing of someone as a punishment for crime
For example-
In 5th century- hanging was introduced
In 1810- there were 222 capital offences
In 1861- criminal law and consolidation act got brought in where they were only 4 capital offences which were murder, treason, mutiny and piracy.
In 1868- public executions were replaced with those within prisons
In 1955- the last woman Ruth Ellis were hung
In 1964- the final hanging peter Allen and gwynne evans
In 1965- the dearth penalty bill act was abolished and capital punishment was suspended for 5 years
In 1969- all capital punishment was abolished