Unit 4

Question 1

Political Geography

Answer 1

study of the ways in which the world is organized as a reflection of the power that different groups hold over territory

Question 2

State

Answer 2

politically organized independent territory with a government defined borders and a permanent population

Question 3

Sovereignty

Answer 3

the right of a government to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders

Question 4

Nations

Answer 4

cultural entities, meaning they are made up of people who have forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, ethnicity, or heritage

Question 5

Nation State

Answer 5

the territory occupied by a group who view themselves as a nation is the same as the politically recognized boundaries of the state they call their own

Question 6

Irredentism

Answer 6

attempting to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation

Question 7

Multinational State

Answer 7

various ethnicities and cultures living inside its borders

Question 8

Autonomous/ Semi Autonomous

Answer 8

they are given some authority to govern their own territories independently from the national government

Question 9

Stateless Nation

Answer 9

people united by culture, language, history, and tradition but not possessing a state

Question 10

Territoriality

Answer 10

a concept that has multiple dimensions

Question 11

Colonialism

Answer 11

practice of claiming and dominating overseas territories

Question 12

Neocolonialism

Answer 12

endures in the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies

Question 13

Choke Point

Answer 13

a narrow, strategic passageway to another place through which it is difficult to pass

Question 14

Shatterbelts

Answer 14

states form, join and break up because of ongoing, sometimes violent, conflicts among parties and because they are caught between the interests of more powerful outside states

Question 15

Self-determination

Answer 15

the right of all people to choose their own political status

Question 16

Imperialism

Answer 16

the push to create an empire by exercising force or influence to control other nations or peoples

Question 17

Antecedent boundaries

Answer 17

are established before many people settle into an area

Question 18

Subsequent boundaries

Answer 18

are drawn in areas that have been settled by people and where cultural landscapes already exist or are in the process of being established

Question 19

Consequent boundaries

Answer 19

type of subsequent boundary

Question 20

Superimposed

Answer 20

drawn over existing accepted boundaries

Question 21

Relics

Answer 21

former boundaries that once existed but no longer have an official function

Question 22

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Answer 22

established the structure of maritime boundaries

Question 23

Federal State

Answer 23

The organization of a state in which power is shared between the federal government and its internal regional units

Question 24

Unitary State

Answer 24

An organization of a state in which power is concentrated in a central government

Question 25

Concurrent

Answer 25

Sharing authority

Question 26

Reapportionment

Answer 26

The redistribution of representative seats among states based on shifts in population

Question 27

Electoral College

Answer 27

A set of people, called electors, who are chosen to elect the president and vice president of the United States

Question 28

Redistricting

Answer 28

The redrawing of internal territorial and political boundaries

Question 29

Gerrymandering

Answer 29

the dividing of legislative boundaries to give one political party an advantage in elections

Question 30

Majority-Minority Districts

Answer 30

An electoral district in which the majority of voters are members of an ethnic or racial minority

Question 31

Ethnic Separatism

Answer 31

the process by which people of a particular ethnicity in a multinational state identify more strongly as members of their ethnic group than as citizens of the state

Question 32

Ethnic Cleansing

Answer 32

the process by which a state attacks an ethnic group and tries to eliminate it through expulsion, imprisonment, or killing

Question 33

Supranational Organization

Answer 33

an alliance of three or more states that work together in pursuit of common goals or to address an issue or challenge

Question 34

Economies of Scale

Answer 34

cost reductions that occur when production rises

Question 35

Ethnonationalism

Answer 35

the process by which the people of a country identify as having one common ethnicity, religious belief, and language, creating a sense of pride and identity that is tied to the territory; also called ethnic nationalism

Question 36

Ethnic Nationalism

Answer 36

the process by which the people of a country identify as having one common ethnicity, religious belief, and language, creating a sense of pride and identity that is tied to the territory; also called ethnonationalism

Question 37

Devolution

Answer 37

occurs when the central government in state is broken among regional authorities within its borders