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AP Human Geography > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Population Distribution

A

Where people live within a geographic area

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2
Q

Climate

A

Long term patterns of weather in an area that greatly affect population distribution in direct or indirect ways

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3
Q

Temperate Climates

A

Moderates temperatures and adequate rainfall

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4
Q

Landforms

A

Earths physical features

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5
Q

Human Migration

A

When people make a permanent move from one place to another

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6
Q

Population Density

A

Number of people occupying a unit of land

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7
Q

Arithmetic Density

A

Measures the total number of people per unit of land

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8
Q

Physiological Density

A

Total number of people per unit of arable land

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9
Q

Arable Land

A

Lands that can be used to grow crops

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10
Q

Agriculture Density

A

Measures the total number of farmers per unit of arable land

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11
Q

Subsistence Agriculture

A

Farming taking place is providing crops and livestock for only the farmers families and close community

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12
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

Maximum population size an environment can sustain

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13
Q

Dependency Ratio

A

Number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (ages 15 to 64), multiplied by 100

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14
Q

Sex Ratio

A

The ratio of males-females in a population

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15
Q

Demographics

A

Data about the structures and characteristics of human population

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16
Q

Fertility

A

Ability to produce children

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17
Q

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

A

The number of births in a given year per 1000 people in a given population

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18
Q

Total Fertility Rate(TFR)

A

Average number of children one woman in a given country will have during her childbearing years.

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19
Q

Morality

A

Death

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20
Q

Crude Death Rate(CDR)

A

The number of deaths in a given year per 1000 people in a given population

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21
Q

Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)

A

Number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births

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22
Q

Life Expectancy

A

Average number of years a person is expected to live

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23
Q

Political Pyramids

A

Graphs show age-sex distribution of a population

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24
Q

Rate of Natural Increase(RNI)

A

The difference between the CBR and CDR in a defined group of people

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25
Q

Doubling Time (DT)

A

number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate will double

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26
Q

Urbanization

A

The growth and development of cities

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27
Q

Overpopulation

A

Exceeds it’s sustainable size

28
Q

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A

Represents the shift in growth that the world’s populations have undergone.

29
Q

Epidemiological Transition Model(ETM)

A

Describes the changes in fertility, morality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death.

30
Q

Antinatalist

A

Policies designed to curb population growth by discouraging citizens from having children

31
Q

Pronatalist

A

Encourage births and want to increase a population.

32
Q

Land Degradation

A

long term damage to the soils ability to support life.

33
Q

Circulation

A

Temporary repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis

34
Q

Emigration

A

Movement away from a location

35
Q

Immigration

A

Movement to a location

36
Q

Net Migration

A

The difference between emigrants and immigrants in a location

37
Q

Gravity Model

A

A model that predicts interactions with 2 or more places.

38
Q

Push Factor

A

A negative cause that compels someone to leave a location.

39
Q

Pull Factor

A

A positive cause that attracts someone to a new location

40
Q

Voluntary Migration

A

People make the choice to move to a new place

41
Q

Forced Migration

A

People are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors

42
Q

Transnational Migration

A

Immigrants to a new country retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties to their country of origin and may regularly return for visits.

43
Q

Internal Migration

A

Movement within a country’s borders

44
Q

Friction of Distance

A

A concept that states that the longer the journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve

45
Q

Transhumance

A

A form of migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer and lover elevations during the winter.

46
Q

Chain Migration

A

Type of migration, in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there.

47
Q

Step Migration

A

Series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination

48
Q

Intervening Obstacle

A

An occurrence that holds migrants back

49
Q

Intervening Opportunity

A

An occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice

50
Q

Guest Workers

A

Migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers

51
Q

Circular Migration

A

When migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country they work temporary jobs

52
Q

Refugees

A

People who are forced to leave their country for fear of persecution or death

53
Q

Internally Displaced Persons

A

People who have been forced to flee their homes but remain within their country’s borders

54
Q

Interregional Migration

A

Move from one region of a country to another

55
Q

Intraregional Migration

A

Movement within one region of the country

56
Q

Quotas

A

Limit of number of immigrants allowed into the country each year

57
Q

Kinship Links

A

Networks of relatives and friends

58
Q

Skills Gap

A

a shortage of people trained in a particular industry

59
Q

Remittances

A

Money earned by emigrants abroad and sent back to home countries

60
Q

Brain Drain

A

The loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another country

61
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

The spread of ideas and culture traits through migration

62
Q

Baby Boom

A

After a war and once everything is settled down, the birth rate often spikes. Increase in babies will last a few years or many years. Booms are usually associated after wars and sometimes economic abundances.

63
Q

Birth Deficit

A

The average number of children that could be born to a woman over her lifetime in a given population.

64
Q

Echo

A

When baby boomers can have babies.

65
Q

Baby Bust

A

Once boom ends, births are lower for a number of years.

66
Q

Cohort

A

A population group that’s distinguished by a certain characteristic

AP Human Geography (7 decks)

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