Unit 2 Flashcards
Population Distribution
Where people live within a geographic area
Climate
Long term patterns of weather in an area that greatly affect population distribution in direct or indirect ways
Temperate Climates
Moderates temperatures and adequate rainfall
Landforms
Earths physical features
Human Migration
When people make a permanent move from one place to another
Population Density
Number of people occupying a unit of land
Arithmetic Density
Measures the total number of people per unit of land
Physiological Density
Total number of people per unit of arable land
Arable Land
Lands that can be used to grow crops
Agriculture Density
Measures the total number of farmers per unit of arable land
Subsistence Agriculture
Farming taking place is providing crops and livestock for only the farmers families and close community
Carrying Capacity
Maximum population size an environment can sustain
Dependency Ratio
Number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (ages 15 to 64), multiplied by 100
Sex Ratio
The ratio of males-females in a population
Demographics
Data about the structures and characteristics of human population
Fertility
Ability to produce children
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The number of births in a given year per 1000 people in a given population
Total Fertility Rate(TFR)
Average number of children one woman in a given country will have during her childbearing years.
Morality
Death
Crude Death Rate(CDR)
The number of deaths in a given year per 1000 people in a given population
Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)
Number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births
Life Expectancy
Average number of years a person is expected to live
Political Pyramids
Graphs show age-sex distribution of a population
Rate of Natural Increase(RNI)
The difference between the CBR and CDR in a defined group of people
Doubling Time (DT)
number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate will double
Urbanization
The growth and development of cities
Overpopulation
Exceeds it’s sustainable size
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
Represents the shift in growth that the world’s populations have undergone.
Epidemiological Transition Model(ETM)
Describes the changes in fertility, morality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death.
Antinatalist
Policies designed to curb population growth by discouraging citizens from having children
Pronatalist
Encourage births and want to increase a population.
Land Degradation
long term damage to the soils ability to support life.
Circulation
Temporary repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis
Emigration
Movement away from a location
Immigration
Movement to a location
Net Migration
The difference between emigrants and immigrants in a location
Gravity Model
A model that predicts interactions with 2 or more places.
Push Factor
A negative cause that compels someone to leave a location.
Pull Factor
A positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
Voluntary Migration
People make the choice to move to a new place
Forced Migration
People are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors
Transnational Migration
Immigrants to a new country retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties to their country of origin and may regularly return for visits.
Internal Migration
Movement within a country’s borders
Friction of Distance
A concept that states that the longer the journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve
Transhumance
A form of migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer and lover elevations during the winter.
Chain Migration
Type of migration, in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there.
Step Migration
Series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination
Intervening Obstacle
An occurrence that holds migrants back
Intervening Opportunity
An occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
Guest Workers
Migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers
Circular Migration
When migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country they work temporary jobs
Refugees
People who are forced to leave their country for fear of persecution or death
Internally Displaced Persons
People who have been forced to flee their homes but remain within their country’s borders
Interregional Migration
Move from one region of a country to another
Intraregional Migration
Movement within one region of the country
Quotas
Limit of number of immigrants allowed into the country each year
Kinship Links
Networks of relatives and friends
Skills Gap
a shortage of people trained in a particular industry
Remittances
Money earned by emigrants abroad and sent back to home countries
Brain Drain
The loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another country
Relocation Diffusion
The spread of ideas and culture traits through migration
Baby Boom
After a war and once everything is settled down, the birth rate often spikes. Increase in babies will last a few years or many years. Booms are usually associated after wars and sometimes economic abundances.
Birth Deficit
The average number of children that could be born to a woman over her lifetime in a given population.
Echo
When baby boomers can have babies.
Baby Bust
Once boom ends, births are lower for a number of years.
Cohort
A population group that’s distinguished by a certain characteristic
