Unit 4

Question 1

Law of Effect: Organisms learn through: _____

Answer 1

Consequences of their actions

Question 2

Operant behavior:

Effect: _____

Answer 2

Behavior that has an effect on the environment

Question 3

Operant behavior:

Primarily under control of: _____

Answer 3

Its consequences

Question 4

Operant selection:

Repeated cycles of: _____

Answer 4

Variability and modification of behavior by the environment over time

Question 5

Reinforcement: _____

Answer 5

Environmental change following a response, increases future probability

Question 6

Punishment: _____

Answer 6

Environmental change following a response, decreases future probability

Question 7

Automaticity: _____

Answer 7

Automatic effect of reinforcement and punishment

Question 8

Appetitive stimulus effect

Presented following behavior: _____

Answer 8

Functions as positive reinforcement

Question 9

Appetitive stimulus effect:

Withdrawn following behavior: _____

Answer 9

Functions as negative punishment

Question 10

Appetitive stimulus effect:

Abates behavior that: _____

Answer 10

Terminated it in the past

Question 11

Aversive stimulus effect:

Presented following behavior: _____

Answer 11

Functions as positive punishment

Question 12

Aversive stimulus effect:

Withdrawn following behavior: _____

Answer 12

Functions as negative reinforcement

Question 13

Aversive stimulus effect:

Evokes behavior that: _____

Answer 13

Terminated it in the past

Question 14

Positive reinforcement:

Following a response: _____

Answer 14

Appetitive stimulus presented or magnified, increases future probability

Question 15

Positive reinforcer: _____

Answer 15

The appetitive stimulus presented following a response

Question 16

Negative reinforcement:

Following a response: _____

Answer 16

Aversive stimulus removed or attenuated, increases future probability

Question 17

Escape behavior: _____

Answer 17

Behavior that terminates an aversive stimulus

Question 18

Escape behavior & avoidance behavior:

Maintained by: _____

Answer 18

Negative reinforcement

Question 19

Avoidance behavior: _____

Answer 19

Behavior that terminates a warning stimulus, prevents aversive stimulus

Question 20

Positive punishment:

Following a response: _____

Answer 20

Aversive stimulus presented or magnified, decreases future probability

Question 21

Positive punisher: _____

Answer 21

The aversive stimulus presented following a response

Question 22

Negative punishment:

Following a response: _____

Answer 22

Appetitive stimulus removed or attenuated, decreases future probability

Question 23

Unconditioned reinforcer: _____

Answer 23

Reinforcing stimulus, did not require prior learning

Question 24

Conditioned reinforcer: _____

Answer 24

Stimulus that acquired reinforcing properties through conditioning

Question 25

Generalized conditioned reinforcer: _____

Answer 25

Conditioned reinforcer paired with variety of other reinforcers, effective for range of behaviors

Question 26

Unconditioned punisher: _____

Answer 26

Punishing stimulus, did not require prior learning

Question 27

Conditioned punisher: _____

Answer 27

Stimulus that acquired punishing properties through conditioning

Question 28

Conditioned punisher: _____

Answer 28

Stimulus that acquired punishing properties through conditioning

Question 29

Generalized conditioned punisher: _____

Answer 29

Conditioned punisher paired with variety of other punishers, effective for range of behaviors

Question 30

Unplanned contingency: _____

Answer 30

Not explicitly arranged

Question 31

Planned contingency: _____

Answer 31

Explicitly arranged by a person

Question 32

Automatic reinforcement: _____

Answer 32

Reinforcement for the response is produced by the response

Question 33

Automatic punishment: _____

Answer 33

Punishment for the response is produced by the response

Question 34

Socially mediated reinforcement: _____

Answer 34

Reinforcement is mediated by another person

Question 35

Food, water, return to normal temperature, sexual activity: examples of: _____

Answer 35

Unconditioned positive reinforcers

Question 36

Unconditioned positive punisher: _____

Answer 36

Stimulus that naturally causes pain