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BEH 5041 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 characteristics of stimulus classes: _____

A

Formal, temporal, functional

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2
Q

Antecedent stimulus: _____

A

Environmental event that precedes a response

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3
Q

Consequence stimulus: _____

A

Environmental event that follows a response

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4
Q

Evoke: _____

A

Increases momentary probability of a response

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5
Q

Evocative effects:

Effect of antecedents to: _____

A

Increase momentary probability of a response

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6
Q

Abate: _____

A

Decreases momentary probability of a response

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7
Q

Abative effects of antecedents to _____

A

Decrease momentary probability of a response

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8
Q

Latency: _____

A

Time between antecedent stimulus and response

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9
Q

Consequence effect of

Strengthening: _____

A

Increases future probability of a behavior

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10
Q

Consequence effect of

Weakening: _____

A

Decreases future probability of a behavior

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11
Q

Determinism: _____

A

Phenomena are lawful and occur in a systematic way

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12
Q

Determinants of behavior: _____

A

Biological and environmental factors

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13
Q

Selection: repeated cycles of: _____

A

Variation, interaction, and differential replication

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14
Q

Selection: variation and interaction with the environment results in: _____

A

differential replication

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15
Q

______ is the result of Selectionism

A

Genetic and behavioral diversity

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16
Q

Contingency: _____

A

Dependent relation between events

- Emphasizes the likelihood that one event is a result of another even

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17
Q

Functional relation is a mathematical: _____

A

Relation between IV and DV

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18
Q

Parsimony: _____

A

Rule out simple explanations before evaluating complex ones

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19
Q

Environmental explanations describe: _____

A

Behavior as a function of current environment and past experience

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20
Q

Explanatory fictions describe behavior as caused by: _____

A

Hypothetical construct within individual or future events

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21
Q

IV manipulated in behavior analysis: _____

A

Stimulus class

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22
Q

DV studied in behavior analysis: _____

A

Response class

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23
Q 
Stimulus class properties:
Based on temporal location: \_\_\_\_\_
A

Antecedents and consequences

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24
Q 
Stimulus class properties:
Based on functional relation: \_\_\_\_\_
A

Same effect on behavior or another stimulus

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25
Q 
Stimulus class properties:
Based on formal properties: \_\_\_\_\_
A

Same physical characteristics (form)

26
Q

Antecedents:

2 effects on behavior: _____

A

Evocative and abative

27
Q

Consequences:

2 effects on behavior: _____

A

Strengthening or weakening

28
Q

3 types of selection: _____

A

Natural, operant, cultural

29
Q

Types of environmental contingencies: _____

A

S-S
R-S
S-R-S

30
Q

Stimulus class definition

A

A group of stimuli (AKA a stimulus class) that share one or more common formal, temporal, or functional characteristics

31
Q

Two types of environmental variables

A

Antecedents and consequences

32
Q

External environment and non-social antecedent example

A
  • Light changes from green to red right before (antecedent) > you press the brake (response)
  • Rain starts (antecedent) > you open your umbrella (response)
33
Q

External environment and social antecedent example

A

(Radhika is the behaver): Frank says, “Would you like to meet me for dinner tonight at Tandoor India Cuisine?” (antecedent) > Radhika says, “I would love to. What time should we meet there?” (response)

34
Q

The behaver’s responses are _____ and therefore _______

A

Not stimuli; are never antecedents

35
Q

What is a precursor?

A

A response that may occur before another response; NOT AN ANTECEDENT

36
Q

Consequences Outside the Skin Examples:

A
  • Butch opens his umbrella (response) > rain stops falling on his head (consequence)
    * Zach reaches for a tube of pain reliever (response) > tube is in his hand (consequence)
37
Q

Consequences Within the Skin Examples:

A
  • Zach applies pain reliever ointment to his back (response) > pain subsides (consequence)
  • I eat a chip loaded with habanero pepper dip (response) > my tongue and throat feel an awful burning sensation (consequence)
38
Q

The effects of responses are ______

A

Consequences

39
Q

Social consequences example

A

○ Ask, “Where is Naoki’s?” (response) > Someone gives directions (consequence)
○ Grab sushi with fingers (response) > Naoki says, “Don’t do that!” (consequence)

40
Q

Consequences are simply….

A

Stimuli

41
Q

Environmental variables can have either:

A
  • Immediate effects in the here and now on the behavior of interest
    - Effects on future occurrences of the behavior of interest
42
Q

S-R… Is not a contingency, it is….

A

A functional relation

43
Q

Strongest contingency:

A

If X and only if X, then Y

44
Q

Contingencies are, and can be

A

Probabilistic

45
Q

When changes in an antecedent or consequent stimulus class consistently alter a dimension of a response class

A

A functional relationship exists

46
Q

Behavior analysts seek to identify functional relations between

A
  • manipulated environmental events

- behavior through systematic manipulations

47
Q

Characteristics of Functional Relations

A
  • Probabilistic (not cause-and-effect)
  • Non-linear
  • Complex (change over time with respect to changing conditions)
  • Allow us to make predictions
48
Q

Functional relations are between….

A

Environmental events and behavior

49
Q

Contingencies lead to the development of ______

A

Functional relations, but not vice versa

50
Q

Environmental Explanations Do NOT

A
  • Rely on assumptions of an inner agency or entity within an organism
  • Rely on descriptions or mere labels as causes of behavior
  • Rely on what will happen in the future as a cause for current responses
51
Q

Labels are Not…

A

Causes of Behavior (Ex. diagnosis, internal states, characteristics)

52
Q

Mentalism: Yes or No?

A

○ “Can I measure the supposed explanation (IV) independently from the behavior it is said to cause (DV)?”
○ If you cannot independently measure (1) the behavior and (2) its supposed cause, then the supposed cause is an explanatory fiction

53
Q

Terms for Non-Environmental Explanations

A 
○ Explanatory fiction-based 
					○ Mentalistic
					○ Teleological
					○ Non-behavioral
Non-environmental
54
Q

Terms for Environmental Explanations

A 
○ Behavioral 
					○ Behavior analytic 
					○ Scientific 
					○ Evidence-based 
Environmental
55
Q

What two kinds of behavior were brought into perspective with the publication of B.F. Skinner’s The Behavior of Organisms?

A

Respondent and operant

56
Q

What unit of analysis was a revolutionary conceptual breakthrough?

A

The experimental analysis of operant behavior > The 3 term contingency

57
Q

How is mentalism defined in general terms?

A

An approach to the study of bx which assume that a mental or “inner” dimension exist that differs from a bx dimension

58
Q

What level of selection applies to selection of genes related to survival and reproduction?

A

Natural

59
Q

What level of selection by consequences applies to the selection of behavior within the lifetime of an individual organism?

A

Operant conditioning

60
Q

What level of selection by consequences applies to the selection of behavior patterns of groups of human beings that endure beyond the lifetime of a single individual?

A

Cultural

61
Q

Immediate causation

A

The physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of the organism

62
Q

Remote causation

A

The principle of selection by consequences

BEH 5041 (10 decks)

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