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Anatomy And Physiology > Unit 3a > Flashcards

Unit 3a Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle characteristics

A

Attached to bones via tendon, cells are multi-nucleate, very large, striated- visible banding, cells are surrounded and bundled by connective tissue wrappings

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2
Q

Where is the endomysium

A

Around single muscle fiber

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3
Q

Where is the perimysium

A

Around a fascicle (bundle) of fibers

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4
Q

What is the epimysium

A

Covers the entire skeletal muscle

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5
Q

What is the fascia

A

Surrounds epimysium, fascia blends into a connective tissue attachment

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6
Q

What are fascicles

A

A bundle of muscle fibres, arranged parallel to each other in 5 different patterns

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7
Q

Parallel muscles

A

Long fascicles that extend the length of the muscle greater range of motion but less power

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8
Q

Pennate muscles

A

Large number of fascicles greater power but a smaller range of motion

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9
Q

Smooth muscle characteristics

A

No striations, single nucleus, found mainly in the walls of hollow organs

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle characteristics

A

Has striations, usually has a single nucleus, found only in the heart

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11
Q

Function of muscles

A

Produce movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat

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12
Q

Three basic muscle types found in the body

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

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13
Q

What is in muscle cell aka muscle fibre

A

Nucleus, sarcolemma, and myofibrils

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14
Q

What is sarcolemma?

A

Specialized plasma membrane

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15
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Stores and releases Ca2+ needed for muscle contraction

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16
Q

What are myofibrils

A

Bundles of myofilaments, make up the bulk of cytoplasm. Aligned in distinct bands

17
Q

I band

A

Light band

18
Q

A band

A

Dark band, composed of thick filaments

19
Q

What is a sacromere

A

Contractile unit of a muscle fibre (cell), composed of 2 types of myofilaments

20
Q

What are thick or myosin filaments

A

Composed of the protein myosin and ATPase enzymes. Extend the length of the A band

21
Q

What are thin or actin filaments

A

Composed of the protein actin. Attached to the z disc in the I band

22
Q

What is actin myosin cross bridging

A

Myosin filaments contain myosin heads or cross bridges. Cross bridges link thick and thin filaments together during contraction

23
Q

What is the “bare zone”

A

What the muscle is relaxed, actin filaments do not extend into the H-zone, hence the name “bare zone”

24
Q

What is skeletal muscle irritability or excitability

A

Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

25
Q

What is skeletal muscle contractility

A

Ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received

26
Q

What is a motor unit

A

One Neuron and all the muscle cells stimulated by that Neuron

27
Q

What is the axon terminal

A

End of the nerve fibre (axon)

28
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction

A

Axon terminal meets the sarcolemma of the muscle

29
Q

What is the synaptic cleft

A

Gap between nerve and muscle, nerve and muscle do not make contact. Area is filled with interstitial fluid

30
Q

What is a neurotransmitter (NT)

A

A chemical released by nerve upon arrival of nerve impulse to axon terminal

31
Q

Increasing Na in the cell causes what?

A

An electrical current to flow along the sarcolemma which triggers an action potential and a muscle contraction

32
Q

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

A

the actin (thin) filaments of muscle fibres slide past the myosin (thick) filaments during muscle contraction, while the two groups of filaments remain at relatively constant length.

33
Q

Contraction of a skeletal muscle

A

Contraction is all or none, muscle force depends upon the number of fibers stimulated. More fibers = greater muscle tension

Anatomy And Physiology (4 decks)

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