Unit 32: Food Safety Flashcards
What are 6 food safety concerns?
- Food borne illnesses
- Nutritional adequacy
- Environmental contaminants
- Naturally occurring toxicants
- Pesticide residues
- Food additives
Doctors should be called if:
- Bloody diarrhea
- Stiff neck, sever headache, fever
- Excessive diarrhea or vomiting
- Symptoms lasting longer than 3 days
How many food borne illnesses have been identified?
250
Effects are most severe in:
- Weakened immune systems
- Pregnant women
- Young children, older persons
Symptoms consist of:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhea
- Contaminated water (livestock pooped in)
- Onset: 5-25 days
- Not always related to water you drink, hard to diagnose
- Diarrhea
Giardia
- Inflammation of the liver
- Poor sanitation and hygiene
- Undercooked or raw shellfish, contaminated water
- Onset: 15-50 days
- Fatigue, nausea, dark urine
Hepatitis A
- High death rate in fetus and infants
- Raw meat, seafood, milk, soft cheese
- Onset: 7-30 days
Listerosis
- Raw or undercooked eggs, meat, raw dairy, fruits and vegetables
- Onset: 1-3 days
Salmonella
- Infection may be cured, organs can be permanently damaged
- Contamined water
- Undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk
- Onset: 1-8 days
E. Coli
- Grows without oxygen
- Produces spores which can live for a long time
- Affects nervous system, blurred vision, speech, often fatal
- Onset: 4-36 days
Botulism
- Picnic foods
- Meats, poultry, egg products, potato and macaroni salad, cream filled pastries
- Onset: 1/2 - 8 hours
- lasts for 24-48 hours
Staphylococcal toxin
Food safety in the kitchen:
1. Clean, safe kitchen Hot soapy water 2. Avoid cross contamination 3. Keep hot food hot Range for different meats to kill microbes 4. Keep cold food cold Refrigerator: 4-6 Freezer: -18 - -20
Mercury contamination comes from:
- Fungicides, fossil fuel exhaust, smelting plants, pulp mills, and chemical plants
Common mercury contamination comes from:
Shark, swordfish, bass, lake trout walleye, chain pickers (large game fish)
* Virtually all fish
Mercury interferes with:
- Fetal brain development, avoid eating while pregnant
Which two fish are considered safe:
Skip Jack tuna and Yellow fin tuna
Additives must be:
- Effective, detectable, and measurable and safe
- GRAS substances are exempt
- Must never have caused cancer
Intentional additives:
- Antimicrobial agents - salt, sugar, potassium sorbate, nitriles/nitrate
- Antioxidants (vitamin C, E, sulfites, BHA, and BHT)
- Food coloring (caotenoids, caramel, blue (#1, #2), yellow (#5, #6)
- Artificial flavours (MSG)
- Texture and stability
- Nutrient additives: thiamin ,niacin, riboflavin, folate and iron in grain products, iodine in salt, calcium and vitamin C in juice, vitamin A and D in milk
Indirect additives:
- Microwave packaging
- Decaffeinated coffee
- Hormones (BGH)
Mad Cow disease is caused by which protein:
Prion
Small protein that transmits disease when consumed by a similar species
Mad Cow disease is similar to:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob or Kuru
Mad Cow disease comes from:
- Cattle consuming animal parts that transmit disease (nerve, bone, intestine)
Common mercury contamination comes from:
Shark, swordfish, bass, lake trout walleye, chain pickers (large game fish)
* Virtually all fish
