Unit 31: Adults of All Ages Flashcards
1
Q
Life Expectancy
A
Women: Caucasian 80 yr African American 75 yr Men: Caucasian 75 yr African American 68 yr
2
Q
Lowest Life Expectancy
A
Swaziland
31.99 yr
Famine, poor politics, infrastructure
3
Q
Life expectancy is lengthened by:
A
Medical science, nutrition
4
Q
Life span of humans
A
120 years
5
Q
Life span vs life expectancy
A
Life span: maximum number of years
Life expectancy: number of years of life remaining at a certain age
6
Q
5 lifestyle behaviours to slow aging:
A
- sleep
- well balanced meals
- regular physical activity
- not smoking or drinking
- maintaining a health body weight
7
Q
Manipulation of diet
A
- Increases life expectancy
- Energy restriction (30%) in animals
- Fewer age related diseases
- Aging genes less active
- Less oxidative stress
- No studies on humans (10-20% energy reduction)
- Body weight & fat, more HDL
- Lean form adopted
- Short term progress increases quality of life
8
Q
Physiological changes in aging adults:
A
1. Body composition Lose bone and muscle, increased fat 2. Lose teeth compromises diet 3. Immune system declines (compromised by nutritional deficiencies) 4. GI tract intestinal tract loses strength and elasticity hormone secretions change constipation
9
Q
Sensory loses in aging adults:
A
- poor eye sight
- taste and smell sensitivity decline
- loss of vision and hearing
social isolation
10
Q
Other changes:
A
1. Psychological depression, loss of appetite and desire to eat and cook 2. Economical 20% of senior >65 live in poverty 3. Social malnutrition in those living alone
11
Q
Water Needs:
A
- Body water decreases with age
- Dehydration
- Conserving water is reduced
- Thirst sense is less acute
12
Q
Energy Needs:
A
- 5% decline / decade
13
Q
Protein Needs:
A
- 1.0 g/kg
* Important for immune system and to prevent muscle wasting
14
Q
CHO, fiber, fat needs
A
- Emphasis on fiber rich food
* 30% of calories from fat
15
Q
Vitamins and Minerals
A
- Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Iron
* Calcium citrate
16
Q
Cataracts and Macular Degeneration
A
- Thickening of the eye lens
- Deterioration of the centre of the retina
- Antioxidants may be protective
17
Q
Arthritis
A
- Osteoarthritis: Cushioning cartilage breaks down (overweight)
- Rheumatoid: painful inflammation of the joint
Omega-3, fish oils
18
Q
Alzheimer’s
A
Antioxidants may be protective
