Unit 310- extraction/surgery Flashcards
when would be the best opportunity to perform a periapical apicetomy
post crown tooth
when there is a risk of oro-antral communication what should be done
x-ray taken before extraction
name 6 minor oral surgeries
operculectomy- infected gum removal
alveolectomy- removing bone for smooth denture base
gingivectomy- adjust the gingivae for oral hygiene measures
perio flap surgery- sub calc removed
biopsy- removal of lesions
cyst removal
frenectomy- removal of frenum
name elevators
cryers- triangle tips
warwick james- round side
winters- triangle with a corkscrew handle
what is haemostats
gelatine sponge to aid blood clotting
what are the beak forceps/ wisdom called
bayonet
what is a coupland chisel for
splitting multi root teeth
osteotrimmer/ Mitchell
raise the flap
periosteal
elevation of the flap
austin and kilner retractors
retract cheeks lips
bone rongeurs
nibble bony spicules
rake retractor
retract flap
4 complications of extractions
-tooth fracture
-oroantral fistulas/communication
-bleeding
-infection localised osteitis dry socket
dissecting forceps
hold loos flap
what happens in primary haemorrhage
platelets clump together created fibrin that seals the vessels
what is reactionary haemorrhage
not following post op instructions disturbs blood clot
what is secondary haemorrhage
blood clot is lost infected socket
if operculum recurs what can you use
electrosurgical cautery unit
what is used in gingivoplasty
uses electrosurgical cautery unit
anaesthetic does what
removes pain and pressure
what does local contain
anaesthetic- block nerve transmissions
water
buffering agents- pH
preservative- shelf life
vasoconstrictors- prolongs the action adrenaline
lidocaine articaine adrenaline
L- 1:80,000 adrenaline
A- 1:100,000 adrenaline
have vasoconstrictors
citanest plain and mepivacaine scandonest
plain no vasoconstrictors
what is adrenaline also called
epinephrine
what medical conditions should you be careful with adrenaline
-hypertension
-cardiac disease
-hyperthyroidism
topical
5% lidocaine paste
name 4 administration techniques
1- nerve block
2- local infiltration
3- intraligamentary
4- intraosseous
most common nerve block
inferior dental block
mental nerve block numbs
anterior buccal soft tissues through the mental foramen
posterior superior dental nerve block numbs
upper second and third molar through the maxillary mantrum
what is a local infiltration
apex of the tooth
what is intraligamentary injection
periodontal ligament of the tooth
what is intraosseous
spongey bone between two teeth
what do you do to anaesthetise upper teeth including 2nd and 3rd molars
buccal infiltration
palatal infiltration
2+3= posterior superior dental block or buccal with a palatal infiltration
what do you do to anaesthetise lower teeth
inferior dental block for all but lower three molars also can get buccal infiltration
for restorative treatments for upper teeth and lower incisors
upper- buccal infilt
lower incisors- buccal infilt
what is called when you can feel pins and needles after injection wears off
paraesthesia
what is general anaesthesia GA
unconscious nasal mask of gas
endotracheal anaesthesia
laryngoscope is placed in trachea
name and explain 3 conscious sedations
1- oral tablet night before and hour before treatment
2- inhalation nitrous oxide and oxygen
3- intravenous patient’s vein
pre and post intravenous instructions
pre- no nail varinsh, food, no alocohol
post- get picked up, rest at home, don’t drive, no alcohol
what is the best sedation for children
inhalation of nitrous oxide through a nasal hood
percentages of n2o and o2
-after treatment what happens
50%
30%
-100% o2
during inhalation what should be checked
pulse and respiration no need for pulse oximeter
how long is pt recovery for inhalation
15 min
where is intravenous injected to
top of hand dorsum injection
what is injected in intravenous
midazolam
what is it called injection drug into the vein
venepuncture
name the different injections for intravenous
Y-can
venflon
butterfly
what is it called when the dose is in increments
titration ensures pt is not overdosed
what drug is emergency antidote for overdose
flumazenil
what machine does intravenous need
pulse oximeter machine
what do you need when setting up for intravenous
-blood pressure
-arm board
-mouth props
-pulse oximeter
how to monitor pt in intravenous
-skin colour
-breathing
-pulse oximeter records the oxygen saturation levels
-pulse
-blood pressure machines
blood pressure technique
sphygmomanometer
stethoscope
what is average blood pressure reading
120/80
signs of blocked airway when sedated
-blue face
-rise in pulse rate or pressure
what can an overdose of intravenous sedation cause
paralysing muscles
unable to breath
hypoxia
what emergency essential do you need for sedation
-suction
-oropharyngeal
-manual pulmonary resuscitator
-flumazenil if overdose
-oxygen mask
name two forms of anxiety control
hyponosis
acupuncture- body releases endorphins
what to do with lost tooth ready to re implanted
immerse in milk
pa radiograph is to check what
root curvature
overdose on intravenous is a sign of
breathing rate
which sedation is offered if no other acceptable
oral
anaesthsia not to pregnant women
prilocaine 3%
nitrous oxide cyclinder colour
blue
emergency haemostatis required sutures cause of what
reactionary haemorrhage
alveolar bone lying too close to the antrum during implant what procedure
sinus lift
implant drill
twist drill
