Unit 304- anatomy Flashcards
name the tooth structures
-alveolar bone
-lamina dura
-periodontal ligament
-cementum
-dentin
-pulp chamber
-nerves and blood supply
what crystals and how much is in enamel
96% and calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite
what is primary and secondary dentin
primary- forms before tooth eruption
secondary- forms after tooth eruption
what is homeostasis
maintaining body temp
heart valves in order from the right atrium
1- tricuspid
2- pulmonary
3- mitral
4- aortic
what is heartbeat called
sinoatrial node/pacemaker
function of capillaries
one cell thick to release oxygen to tissues
what is internal respiration terms of co2
co2 passes into capillaries as waste product
what is external respiration
co2 released into lungs to be breathed out
when is pressure of blood high and low
high=systole
low=diastole
what device to measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
artery and vein adaptions
artery- elastic
vein- valves to prevent back flow
when is haemoglobin picked up by red blood cells erythrocytes
external respiration and then released to tissues in internal
where are leucocytes made
bone marrow and lymph nodes
what is plasma function
fluid that carries blood cells like red, white, hormones, forms plasma proteins globulins, transports waste products to kidney
what is expiration
respiratory of waste product co2 from body
how much co2 in expired air
4%
how much o2 in expired air
16%
how much o2 breathed in
21%
inspiring and expiring explained muscles etc
in
-contract muscles
-high volume
-curved diaphragm
-low atmospheric pressure
out
-relax muscles
-low volume
-flat diaphragm
-high atmospheric pressure
what is cilia
micro hair like projections trap dust and dirt
what is peristalsis
pushing food down the throat muscular action
how does stomach acid get neutralised and where
bile made in the liver and used in gall bladder
what is function of the liver
-stores and makes bile
-detoxifies alcohol
-stores vitamins
-stores carbohydrates
what are 2 peripheral nerves
sensory
-pain, temp, taste, touch, smell
motor
-somatic (musculoskeletal), autonomic impulses to organs, enteric impulses to gastro movement
whats function of the pancreas
-passing enzymes to small intestine
-release insulin and glucagon
what 2 elements in the neurone
potassium inside and sodium on the outside
what are the 2 layers called that cover brain and spinal cord
meninges
CSF- acts as a shock absorber
what are the 4 lobes
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
what is cerebellum for and where
balance and posture
back of brain
medulla oblongata (3) and where
heart rate, respiration, stress
middle region
what is the foramen magnum and where
nerve tissue opening that passes to the spine and pelvis
base of medulla oblongata
name 4/12 dental cranial nerves
5-trigeminal
7-facial
9-glossopharyngeal
12-hypoglossal
name all 12 cranial nerves
1-olfactory- smell
2-optic- sight
3-oculomotor- eye muscle
4-trochlear- eye muscle
5-trigeminal- oral soft tissues and muscles of mastification
6-abducens- external eye muscles
7-facial- tongue, facial expressions, salivary glands
8-auditory- hearing
9-glossopharyngeal- taste, tongue, salivary glands, swallowing
10-vagus- abdominal
11- accessory- neck and larynx
12-hypoglossal- tongue muscles
what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic
maxillary
madibular
name 3 maxillary superior dental nerves and where
anterior- upper incisor
middle- premolar to half first molar
posterior- half first molar to third