Unit 304- anatomy Flashcards
name the tooth structures
-alveolar bone
-lamina dura
-periodontal ligament
-cementum
-dentin
-pulp chamber
-nerves and blood supply
what crystals and how much is in enamel
96% and calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite
what is primary and secondary dentin
primary- forms before tooth eruption
secondary- forms after tooth eruption
what is homeostasis
maintaining body temp
heart valves in order from the right atrium
1- tricuspid
2- pulmonary
3- mitral
4- aortic
what is heartbeat called
sinoatrial node/pacemaker
function of capillaries
one cell thick to release oxygen to tissues
what is internal respiration terms of co2
co2 passes into capillaries as waste product
what is external respiration
co2 released into lungs to be breathed out
when is pressure of blood high and low
high=systole
low=diastole
what device to measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
artery and vein adaptions
artery- elastic
vein- valves to prevent back flow
when is haemoglobin picked up by red blood cells erythrocytes
external respiration and then released to tissues in internal
where are leucocytes made
bone marrow and lymph nodes
what is plasma function
fluid that carries blood cells like red, white, hormones, forms plasma proteins globulins, transports waste products to kidney
what is expiration
respiratory of waste product co2 from body
how much co2 in expired air
4%
how much o2 in expired air
16%
how much o2 breathed in
21%
inspiring and expiring explained muscles etc
in
-contract muscles
-high volume
-curved diaphragm
-low atmospheric pressure
out
-relax muscles
-low volume
-flat diaphragm
-high atmospheric pressure
what is cilia
micro hair like projections trap dust and dirt
what is peristalsis
pushing food down the throat muscular action
how does stomach acid get neutralised and where
bile made in the liver and used in gall bladder
what is function of the liver
-stores and makes bile
-detoxifies alcohol
-stores vitamins
-stores carbohydrates
what are 2 peripheral nerves
sensory
-pain, temp, taste, touch, smell
motor
-somatic (musculoskeletal), autonomic impulses to organs, enteric impulses to gastro movement
whats function of the pancreas
-passing enzymes to small intestine
-release insulin and glucagon
what 2 elements in the neurone
potassium inside and sodium on the outside
what are the 2 layers called that cover brain and spinal cord
meninges
CSF- acts as a shock absorber
what are the 4 lobes
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
what is cerebellum for and where
balance and posture
back of brain
medulla oblongata (3) and where
heart rate, respiration, stress
middle region
what is the foramen magnum and where
nerve tissue opening that passes to the spine and pelvis
base of medulla oblongata
name 4/12 dental cranial nerves
5-trigeminal
7-facial
9-glossopharyngeal
12-hypoglossal
name all 12 cranial nerves
1-olfactory- smell
2-optic- sight
3-oculomotor- eye muscle
4-trochlear- eye muscle
5-trigeminal- oral soft tissues and muscles of mastification
6-abducens- external eye muscles
7-facial- tongue, facial expressions, salivary glands
8-auditory- hearing
9-glossopharyngeal- taste, tongue, salivary glands, swallowing
10-vagus- abdominal
11- accessory- neck and larynx
12-hypoglossal- tongue muscles
what are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic
maxillary
madibular
name 3 maxillary superior dental nerves and where
anterior- upper incisor
middle- premolar to half first molar
posterior- half first molar to third
where does the greater palatine and nasopalatine supply sensation
GP-upper molar to half canine
NP-half canine to incisor
where does the maxillary nerve leave foramen the skull at and where to option 1
foramen rotundum
orbit (eye socket)
posterior and palatine branches
what foramen does the maxillary nerve leave through the orbit and supplies where
infraorbital foramen
middle, anterior, eyelid, upper lip
where does the NP pass through foramern in nasal cavityand supply to
incisive foramen
anterior, middle
where does mandibular lower nerve emerge through foramen from the skull
ovale foramen
where does inferior dental nerve supply
-all lower teeth just not buccal of molar teeth
-lower lip
where does lingual nerve supply
-lingual of lower teeth
-floor of mouth
where does long buccal nerve supply
buccal of lower molar
where does mental nerve supply and go through
lower lip, buccal mucosa
mental foramen
when mandibular passes what side of ramus and between what
inner side of ramus
between medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
where does the inferior dental nerve enter through what is is guarded by
mandibular foramen
lingula
how many bones in maxilla and mandibular
2
2
how many face bones
6 +2 unpaired
trachea stopped from collapsing by its
cartilage rings
what nerve also passes through incisive foramen other name
long sphenopalatine nerve
what duct that passes into upper second molar buccal sulcus
stenson
what is the artery that provides to the head and neck
common cartoid artery
what foramen is found in occiptal bone and exits brain to spine
magnum
name all 6 cranium bones
1- frontal- eyes forehead
2- parietal- sides
3- temporal- lower sides
4- occipital- back
5- sphenoid- base
6- ethmoid- nose
what does the base of the cranium articulate with
topmost bone of vertebral the atlas allowing nodding
outer and inner layer of bones
outer- compact bone with foramina (openings for nerve and blood vessels)
inner- cancellous bone (spongey light structure)
2 ways blood vessels (head and neck) pass through
- foramina
- fissures (natural spaces)
what bone is behind the nasal cavity
vomer
what bone inner wall of eye sockets
lacrimal
what bone is curled in the nasal cavity and increase contact of inspired air
nasal turbinates
name for sinus
maxillary antrum
what foramen supplies back of palate
greater and lesser palatine
what foramen supplies upper teeth
infraorbital
what is the muscle that attaches to the floor of the mouth
mylohyoid ridge
where does TMJ connect with temporal bone
head of condyle
what is the dip called between coronoid process and condyle
sigmoid notch
when mouth is shut where does condyle rest
glenoid fossa
what disc prevents the TMJ from bone rubbing grating against eachother
meniscus
movemenets of gliding, rotational, lateral
g- forward and back
r- up and down
l- side to side
when the mouth is open what happens with condyle
slides down the glenoid fossa and articular eminece
what happens when you cannot close mouth
condyle slips too far of the articular eminence
what is trismus
muscle spasms cant open mouth fully
what is crepitus
popping of air bubbles in the jaw
what is the insertion of temporalis
coronoid process
4 muscles of mastication and explained and insertion
1- temporalis back and closed (coronoid)
2- masseter closes (outer ramus)
3- lateral forward to bite tip to tip (condyle)
4- medial closes (inner ramus)
what are suprahyoid muscles for
mouth open and swallowing
suprahyoid 3 muscles explained and insertion
1- anterior digastric open mouth (mental symphysis)
2- mylohyoid open mouth (hyoid bone)
3- geniohyoid open mouth (hyoid bone)
muscle that protracts and closes lip
orbicularis oris
whats the cheek muscle
buccinator
what is trigeminal neuralgia
effects sensory nerves causes muscle spasms, pain, facial trigger
what do external and internal carotid artery supply
external- face and oral
internal- brain and eyes
what is external and internal jugular veins
external- drain extra cranial tissues
internal- drain of brain head neck tissues
elbow joint pulse
brachial pulse
relases iron and produce haemologin is by the
stomach
two nerves that supply taste to the brain
facial and glossopharyngeal
where does inferioir dental nerve leave
mental foramen
which muscle runs in throat to the inner surafec of mental symphysis
anterior digastric
which crainal nerve allows speech and breaddown of food to the pharynx
hypoglossal
where does carotid artieries branch from
aorta
jugular veins drain into
superior vena cava
which crainum nerve support supra and muscles of mastification
trigeminal
