Unit 306- radiography Flashcards
what does the step wedge test and what is it
developer solution
quality
aluminium step
layers of the film
paper film paper foil
what happens when mounting is done wrong
wrong treatment could be provided
when are radiation monitoring badges worn
by nurses when there is more than 150 intra-oral exposures or more than 50 pantomographs
what is the x-ray called showing both jaws
panoramic tomograph
what is automatic processing and the order
series chemicals at precise time and temperature
films dropped into roller(conveyor belt), developer, fixer, water, drier
3 types of intra-oral x-rays
horizontal and vertical(shows roots) bitewing
periapical
anterior occlusal
3 regulations for radiography
ionising radiation regulation IRR99
ionising radiation medical exposures IR(ME)R
local rules
what does ALARP mean
as low as reasonably practicable
what is scatter radiation
bounces of tissue cells and can re-expose patients
what does ALARP do to help scatter radiation 3 things
-fast films
-short exposure time
-rectangular collimator tube
what three people should there be in the work place
1- legal person(ensures workplace is in compliance)
2- radiation protection advisor(gives advice)
3- radiation protection supervisor(assess risks and ensure precautions)
how far is controlled area
2m or further
what is isolation switch
cut of circuit from power source
what does the radiation protection file include
-local rules
-risk assessment by legal person
-patient protection
-alarp
details of the quality assurance programme
who supplies the badges
radiation protection division
what is the substance called when absorbed or scattered and what is it called when passes through
-radiopaque
-radiolucent
how often should moderate caries risk and high caries risk be radiographed
moderate- every year
high-6 months
layers of extra oral film
cassette case
intensifying screen
rare earth coating
xray film
whats the intensifying screen for
reduce to dose of radiation exposure
what happens with cassette after exposure
-take to a dark room
-place in cassette container
how does intensifying screens create an image
fluorescence brightness
name extra-oral radiographs
-DPT/OPT/OPG
-lateral oblique(3rd molar, one side mandible)
-lateral skull(side of the head, uses machine called cephalostat, jaw growth, ortho)
what is bisecting angle technique
at an angle due to restricted patients size of mouth used non anterior occlusal and lateral oblique
what is the paralleling technique
exactly parallel to the tooth same size as tooth
what is digital radiography
x-ray is fired at sensor plate which converts image on the computer directly
what happens if light enters the light tight lid container
image could be lost
automatic processing explained
-check chemical and water levels
-temperature is correct
-film placed
-removed packet
-developer, fixer, water, drier
what is manual processing
dark room with 4 tanks- developer, water, fixer, water that sit in a bath at 18-22 degree
orange light for some vision
what is mounting
positioning x-ray on a light box and magnifier
shorting of image
collimator angulation too steep
elongation of image
collimator angulation too shallow producing long image
coning
not central film partly exposed
blurred
moving during exposure
faint image
film is placed wrong way
developer solution weak, temp low
fogged
exposed to light before
blank film/loss of film
machines not on
film stuck in roller
scratches or fingerprints
not holding film by edges
blank spots
fixer splashed before developer
black line across film
film bent
brown stains
incorrect fixing old solution
crazed film
dried too quick
crystals
not washed good after fixing
dark film
developer solution too much, temp too high
partly blank film
partially immersed in developer
fading image
not enough in fixer
artefacts
solution spillages
what is digital indirect
phosphor plate exposure then scanned to PSP scanner passes onto computer carestream
