Unit 3 / Year 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 main types of tissues?
- Epithetical tissues = Protection, Secretion, absorption.
- Connective - Support soft body parts and bind structures together.
- Muscle - Movement
- Nervous - Conducts impulses used to help control and coordinate body activities.
What are the two different types of cells?
- Human
- Animal
What makes up the epithelial tissue?
- Simple
- Compound
What is the Cell Membrane within a human cell?
An outer coating which selectively transports substances into and out of the cells.
What is the Nucleus within a human cell?
The control centre of the cell, regulating its general and specialist functions
What are Ribosomes within a human cell?
They Manufacture other proteins that the body needs.
What are Mitochondria within a human cell?
These supply the Cell’s energy source.
What are Centrolises within a human cell?
An essential part of the Cell Division.
What are the different types of cell functions?
Respiration, Growth, Excretion, Irritability
What are Enzymes used for in a human Cell?
Enzymes are Protein Catalysts that enable metabolic reactions.
What are Empithial tissues used for in the Human Body?
It makes up the lining of the body and its organs with epithelial cells.
What are Connective tissues used for in the Human Body?
It plays a supportive structural role in the body which also includes blood.
What are Muscular tissues used for in the Human Body?
Allows for movement and also helps with circulation and digestion.
What is Nervous tissue used for in the Human Body?
Allows for electrical impulses within the body, allowing for faster transfer of information.
What are the different types of connective tissues?
Cartilage, Adipose, Areolar, Bone, Blood.
What are the 3 different types of muscle tissue?
1,) Striated = These Muscular tissues are under conscious control, they enable us to control our bones and Muscles in order to move our body.
2,) Non-Striated = These muscular tissues are generally inside the body in which we are not consciously aware off and do not have control off.
3,) Cardiac Tissue = These tissues are found within the heart and are involuntary and not within our subconscious control.
What are the different characteristics of muscle tissue?
1,) Contractibility
2,) Irritability
3,) extensibility
4,) elasticity
What does the brain do?
The brain is the centre of all neurological functions and allows the human body to function and move within daily life
What does Skin do?
A protective outer layer of the human body, protecting the body’s organs and structural stability.
What does the heart do?
A centre point of he body within the chest. Pumping blood around the body and is essential for human life.
What do the lungs do?
Located either side of the human chest and generate oxygen to be pumped around the human body.
What does the liver do?
This is part of the digestion system and helps with excretion of toxic chemicals or waste from he human body.
What does the pancreas do?
Located behind the stomach, allowing for secretion of enzymes within the digestive system.
What does the pancreas do?
Located behind the stomach, allowing for secretion of enzymes within the digestive system.
What is metabolism?
This process is a rate of dictation in which the food coverts food, into nutrition.
What is catabolism in the human body?
This process allows for the breakdown of Substances and Chemicals which includes Carbohydrates, and protein.
What is Anoblism in the human body?
This process is the opposite of Catabolism in which this process builds larger molecules instead of making them smaller and breaking them down.
What is genetic inheritance within human science?
This is when a child has certain characteristics from their parents passed on to them from their parents. These characteristics are part of the child’s genes.
How many Chromeosomes does a Human Cell have?
In the Human cell, there are 46 Chromozones altogether.
How many Chromosomes are split between Male and Female Human cells?
There are 23 in both the Male and Female Chromosomes. This allows for joint connection during sexual intercourse to create a newborn with 46 Chromosomes.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does Alleie mean as one of our Keywords?
alternative versions of a gene, giving different traits.
What does Trait mean as one of our Keywords?
a genetically determined characteristic
What does “Dominant allele” mean one of our keywords?
If present, the trait is always expressed.
What does “recessive allele” mean as one of our keywords?
Two copies of this allele must be present for this trait to be expressed.
What are the 4 most common Respiratory Disorder’s?
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Asthma
- Pneumonia
- Lung Cancer
Describe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes breathing increasingly more difficult. But it develops slowly over many years and you may not be aware you have it at first.
Describe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) makes breathing increasingly more difficult. But it develops slowly over many years and you may not be aware you have it at first.
What are the symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
- Increasing breathlessness – this may only happen when exercising at first, and you may sometimes wake up at night feeling breathless
- A persistent chesty cough with phlegm that does not go away
- Frequent chest infections
- Persistent wheezing
What are the most common causes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
- Smoking
- Fumes and Dust at Work
- Air Pollution
- Genetic’s
What are the most common ways Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is diagnosed?
- Spirometry (Helps show you how well your lungs are working)
- Chest X-Ray
- Blood Test’s (Testing for high amounts of blood red cells in your blood)
What are the most common and effective ways of Treating Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
- Stop Smoking (Most common and first stage of treatment)
- Inhalers of different forms depending on the individual case.
- Theophylline Tablets
- Mucolytics
- Steroid Tablet’s (Given in exceptionally bad cases and only for a short period of time)
- Antibiotics if the condition turns into a bacterial infection.
Are there known facts on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
- Common in middle-aged individuals.
- More risk of developing this if you smoke regularly.
- Breathing problems generally are known to get worse over time while suffering from this condition.
Describe what Asthma in a summary.
Asthma is a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties.
What are the most common symptoms of Asthma?
-wheezing, coughing and chest tightness becoming severe and constant.
- being too breathless to eat, speak or sleep
- breathing faster
- a fast heartbeat
- drowsiness, confusion,
exhaustion or dizziness - blue lips or fingers
- fainting
What are the most common causes of Asthma
Who’s at risk
A number of things can increase your chances of getting asthma.
These include:
- Having an allergy-related condition, such as eczema, a food allergy or hay fever – these are known as atopic conditions.
- Having a family history of asthma or atopic conditions
having had bronchiolitis – a common childhood lung infection
exposure to tobacco smoke as a child. - Your mother smoking during pregnancy
being born prematurely (before 37 weeks) or with a low birth weight.
Some people may also be at risk of developing asthma through their job.
Asthma triggers
Common triggers include:
- Infections like colds and flu
allergies – such as to pollen, dust mites, animal fur or feathers
smoke, fumes and pollution
medicines – particularly anti-inflammatory painkillers like ibuprofen and aspirin. - Emotions, including stress, or laughter
weather – such as sudden changes in temperature, cold air, wind, thunderstorms, heat and humidity. - Mould or damp
- Exercise
What are the most common ways that Asthma can be diagnosed?
- Asthma is usually identified at a GP appointment.
- FeNO Test - Machine-based test that measures nitric oxide in your breath which is a sign of inflammation on the lungs.
- Spirometry Test - A machine that tests how much oxygen you can hold in your lung’s.
- Peak Flow Test - a machine that tests how quickly you are breathing in and out. It is done over serval weeks to see a change.
What is the most common type of treatment for Asthma?
- Inhalers are the most common form of treatment for Asthma.
- However, in really severe cases they may prescribe Steroid tablets
What is an overview of Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is swelling (inflammation) of the tissue in one or both lungs. It’s usually caused by a bacterial infection or a virus.
What is the general treatment for Pneumonia?
Requires hospital-level care and can be deadly if not healed within 3 months.
What is a general overview of Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer is one of the most common and serious types of cancer. A group of toxic cells is built to slowly decompose the body.
What are the general symptoms of lung cancer?
- A cough that does not go away after 3 weeks.
- A long-standing cough that gets worse chest infections that keep coming back.
- Coughing up blood
an ache or pain when breathing or coughing. - Persistent breathlessness
persistent tiredness or lack of energy. - Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss.
What are the typical ways of diagnosing Lung Cancer?
- Chest X-Ray
- CT Scan
- PET-CT Scan
- Bronchoscopy and Biopsy.
What are the most common types of Cardiovascular diseases?
- Coronary heart disease.
- Strokes and TIA’s
- peripheral arterial disease
- Aortic disease
Describe a summary of the condition of Coronary heart disease?
This condition is coursed by a blockage of blood supply to the heart. This can course serious complications to the heart and in some cases lead to cardiac arrest.
Describe a summary of the condition of Coronary Heart Disease.
This condition is coursed by a blockage of blood supply to the heart. This can course serious complications to the heart and in some cases lead to cardiac arrest.
What are the most common symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease, even thou this condition has wide-ranging symptoms?
- Chest Pain
- Chest Tightness
- Heavy and compulsive sweating.
- Heart Attack.
- Heart Failure.
What are the most common courses of Coronary Heart Disease?
- Heavy Smoking
- Having High blood pressure (Hypertension)
- Having high cholesterol
- Not exercising or being physically inactive.
- Have Diabetes
What are the most common form of diagnostics tests for Coronary Heart Disease?
- Normally first identified by a GP with a cholesterol test.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Exercise stress tests
- X-rays
- Echocardiogram
- Blood tests
- Coronary angiography
- Radionuclide tests
- MRI scans
- CT scans
What are the most common forms of treatment for Coronary Art Disease?
- Exercise and Fitness
- Healthy Eating
- Stop Smoking
- Blood thinning tablets.
Describe a basic summary of Strokes and TIA’s?
A Stroke can be very deadly as it will cut out the blood supply to your brain in portions. This is normally due to a blockage of key arteries or veins to the brain.
