Human life span and development Flashcards
What is emotional Development?
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The process of which the human mind processes and evaluates emotions as age and development continue
What is Social Development?
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The process in which the human body interacts and makes decisions in social l situations.
What does pies Stand For?
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P = Physical I = Emotional E = Intellectual S = Social
What is coordination abilities?
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The brain’s ability to make your body and all its parts work as a collective, allowing you to perform day to day tasks.
What are the 4 different life stages and their age brackets?
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What are the 4 different life stages and their age brackets?
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What is intellectual Development?
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The process in which a human body organizes and process ideas and thoughts and its ability to retain memory.
What are Fine motor skills?
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Smaller muscles and their ability to carry out key body functions such as.
Wiggling Toes, Dressing and Undressing.
What are gross motor skills?
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Larger muscles and their ability to carry out key body Functions such as
Grasping, Walking, Throwing, Kicking
How can parents increase a child’s development?
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Engage in active play with the child.
Key Events and factors of 9-18 life stage?
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- Child is fully developed
- Process of puberty starts
- Girls puberty starts 11-13
- Boys Puberty starts 13-15
- Pituitary gland releases sex hormones
- Oestrogen, protesterene(Girls)
- Testosterone (Men)
Key Events and factors of 3-8 life stages?
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- Learn how to carry out basic day to day tasks
- Communication becomes more effective
- Able to wash and dress themselves
- Develop a basic understanding of their emotions
- teeth become fully developed
- Able to form opinions on the world.
Key Events and factors of 0-2 life stage?
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- The fastest rate of growth
- Eyesight develops by a few inches
- 3 months(Recognises key faces)
- Year should be able to walk.
What are the two different types of growth Characteristics?
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Primary: Given physical and biological changes within the human body.
Secondary: Outward signals given of that would hint change is taking place
What happens to the human body’s development at the age of 28?
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Will gradually lose strength, a lot of the time these changes go unnoticed.
The decline in physical capabilities maybe even worse and quicker if an individual has an unhealthy lifestyle.
What are Progesterone and Oestrogen responsible for within a woman body during pregnancy?
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Progesterone: Maintains Pregnancy
Oestrogen: responsible for sickness that may happen.
What process begins at the age of 40?
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Perimenopause
What is Perimenopause?
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Perimenopause is the process in which hormones in the female body reduce and over a slow process the body stops realizing eggs.
How long is the process of menopause and how do we know when it has happened.
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After a possible few mounths or 10-year process, the body will fully stop producing eggs and this is when menopause has happened.
When does Perimenopause end?
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Perimenopause ends when a woman does not have a period for up to 12mounths
At what age have most women finished menopause?
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By 55 most women have gone through menopause.
What are the principles of Growth?
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- Growth rates are not constant
- Different parts of the body grow at different times
- Growth rates vary between children
- Boys usually grow faster than girls, as they tend to grow taller than women
What is Abstract logical thinking?
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The ability to solve problems using imagination without having to be involved practically. This is an advanced form of thinking that does not always need a practical context in order to take place.
What is Egocentric thinking?
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Not being able to see a situation from another person’s point of view. Piaget thought that a young child assumed that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does. Egocentrism is best described as a young child’s inability to see a situation from another person’s point of view.
What is Concrete logical thinking?
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The ability to solve problems, providing an individual can see or physically handle the issues involved.
What are the key Factors that define growth?
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Growth of any form is defined as the principled increase in height, weight and other dimensions.
What is the difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics?
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Primary - Characteristics that are present on the body at birth but become more developed during puberty.
Secondary - Characteristics that only become present on the body during puberty.
What are the physical and psychological changes that take place when a woman go’s through Perimenopause/Menopause
- Sweats
- Tiredness
- Heavy Bleeding
- Vaginal Dryness
- Higher levels of Anxiety
- Irritability
- Poor concentration
- low self esteem
What is Self image defined as?
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The self perception someone as of their own abilities, appearance and personalities.
What is Self Concept defined as?
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A persons personal believes that they hold on themselves.
What is self Esteem defined as?
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Confidence in ones own abilities and worth.
What are the key factors that affect someone’s self-esteem or self-image?
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- Upbringing
- Financial and social status
- Possible Physical or emotional disability
- Bullying
- Toxic or unhealthy romantic relationships
What age does Memory loss within adults start to occur?
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From around the age of 60 upwards
What are the effects of memory loss?
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A person will not be able to withhold retained information for a certain length of time, either long or short term.
What are the 3 different types of play?
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- Solo Play
- Parallel Play
- Associative play
- Co-Operative play
What does solo play(0-1) consist of?
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Looks at adults closely, puts things into mouth and touches things with hands. Plays alone with toys. Gradually begins to play simple games, for example peeka-boo and begins to explore toys alone.
What does Parallel(12-18M) play consist of?
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Begins to enjoy repetitive actions, such as putting objects into and taking them out of boxes. Begins to copy other children and adults. Enjoys playing with adults as well as on own. Learns to complete tasks through trial and error.
What does Cooperative play(4-6) consist of?
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Children begin to widen their social network group and form relationships with their peers and other adults.
What does Associative(3-4Y) play consist of?
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Begins to play co-operatively with other children and starts to show reasoning skills by asking questions, ‘why’ and ‘how’. They join in pretend and fantasy games negotiating and taking on roles.
How can friendships benefit someone’s wellbeing?
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- Boosts energy
- Increases Social Support
- Increases Happiness
- Improves Self Confidence
- Influences positive/Negative Life style Choices
What are some of the biggest effects of negative peer pressure?
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Can influence an individual into Unhealthy hobbits such as,
Drinking alcohol, Smoking cigarettes, Taking drugs. pressure to engage in risk-taking behaviours. distraction from schoolwork.
What are the Health Risks posed when exposed to pollution?
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- respiratory disorders
- cardiovascular problems
- allergies
What are the possible Health Risks posed to a individual when living in poor housing conditions?
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- Respiratory disorders
- Cardio vascular problems,
- Hypothermia
- Anxiety
- Depression
What affects someone’s ability to access Health or Social Care?
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- Availability of transport
- Opening hours of services
- Ability to understand the needs and requirements of particular services.
Name some household related difficulties that could effect development?
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- Family dysfunction.
- Parental divorce or separation. - —– - Sibling rivalry.
- Parenting style.
What effects would parental divorce have on a child’s development?
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- Insecure Attachment Style
- Behavioural Problems or Difficulties
- Lack of Focus on Education due to stress
What is a genetic Predisposition?
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The possibility that you will develop a certain condition, based on inherited genes from your parents.
Name 5 conditions that are related to the term Predisposition?
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- Cystic Fibrosis
- Brittle Bone Disease
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Huntington’s Disease
- Klinefelter’s Syndrome
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Identify 3 Biological Factors that affect development?
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- Possible Health Conditions (Revised in the previous Card).
- Maternal Infections.
- Lifestyle and Diet choices during Pregnancy.
- Genetical Defects.
Identify 3 symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?
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- Problems absorbing Nutrients from food.
- Respiratory problems.
- Chest infections
What is brittle Bone Disease?
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When your bones are not being the given the correct amount of a certain type of protein(Collagen) to be able to maintain Bone structure and health. Making a individual at risk of Factures of Breaking a bone.
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
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When your body cannot break down amino acids. So if you eat any type of food with amino acids within them it can build up within your Digestive System coursing your body harm and possibly leading to Brain Damage.
Why is it bad to have to much Cholesterol in our blood?
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It can course a build up of Fatty deposit’s within your Blood Stream, possibly leading to clots in your arteries and in turn increasing your risk of having a heart attack or stroke.
What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome?
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This is where a woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy. This then go’s into the whom and into the baby’s unprepared digestive system that can not deal with such toxic substances of alcohol. This if not prevented or treated could lead to the baby having brain damage or poor development once born.
What are some of the key social benefits of having strong friendships?
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- Friends can help an individual cope with traumatic life events, for example job loss, serious illness, bereavement or relationship breakdown.
- Friendship groups can help people avoid loneliness, provide a sense of belonging, a sense of self-worth and self-confidence. This can lead to reduction of stress and depression and a boost in happiness.
What are some of the signs and benefits of a healthy relationship?
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- Acceptance
- Trust
- Compromise
- Respect
- Responsibility
- Honesty
What are some of the signs and behaviours portrayed in an unhealthy relationship?
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- Stress
- Isolation
- Distrust
- Blame
- Low self-esteem
- Insecurity
What possible effects does religion have on possible medical intervention needed in the event of service user admitted?
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Meany religion’s have different believes on if medical intervention treatments are practical and clean to have processed in the event
What possible effects does religion have on possible medical intervention needed in the event of service user admitted?
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Meany religion’s have different believes on if medical intervention treatments are practical and clean to have processed in the event they may need it.
What religions have negative or conflicting Interests?
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Jehovah’s Witnesses - Do not accept blood transfusions.
Asian culture - Often use prayer before or rather then medical intervention.
Muslims - will not eat pork or substances that are contained within pork, effecting the levels of care or medication used.
Vegetarianism, halal and kosher diets - They require that Dairy and Meat products are separated in all circumstances where these types of food are involved.
What are the possible effects of having specific dietary requirements?
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- It is possible that certain vitamins or types of nutrients will become low, coursing certain types of side effects.
- May effect a individuals food desires and pleasures
- Weakened bones or muscles
- Increases the risk of heart disease
- Lower fats within the diet
What does the term “Values” mean?
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Principles that we use to guide our thoughts and decisions
What does the term “Attitude” mean?
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Assumptions that we use to make sense of our social experience.
What does the term “Primary socialisation” Mean?
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The process of a child learning the norms, attitudes and values of the culture and society in
What does the term “Secondary socialisation” mean?
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The process of learning appropriate behaviour in society. Influences include education, media, government and religion/ culture.
What is Piaget Theory Subject off?
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1) Sensorimotor –0-2 years, learn through senses to explore the world- they are egocentric
2) Pre-operational –2-7 years, label and organise thoughts, imagination developed and conservation being developed
3) Concrete Operational- 7-12 years, apply logic and understanding, problem-solving begins and applied to concrete situations. Can learn maths and science
4) Formal Operational - 12+years, abstract and hypothetical skills develop. Strategic thinking developed and can apply knowledge to new concepts
What is Bowlby Attachment theory subject off?
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Children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others- for survival
A child has an innate (i.e. inborn) need to attach to one main attachment figure
The critical period for developing at attachment (2-5 years)
Continual disruption of the attachment between infant and primary caregiver could result in long term cognitive, social, and emotional difficulties for that infant
What is Bandura(Social Learning Theory) Subject off?
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Bandura- Social Learning Theory
We observe behaviour from around us and Bandura suggests that we copy and imitate
Bobo doll experiment- children copied aggressive behaviour from the adults
Environments play a strong role in influencing behaviour
What is the Nature vs Nurture Theory subject to?
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Nature is:
Nature is how we are influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors
Examples: hair colour, eye colour, skin colour, height, inherited/genetic conditions such as PKU, Brittle Bone Disease
Nurture is….
Nurture is the influence of external/environmental factors after conception
Examples: parents, friends, culture, religion, education
What is the Ageing Theory Subject off?
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Cummings and Henry developed the
The Social Disengagement theory suggested that as people move into later adulthood, they begin to withdraw from the roles that were once important in their lives and start to disengage from social relationships too. This is due to ill health and preparing for end of life.
What is the theory of “Schemas” Subject off?
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Schemas -describes a pattern of thought or behaviour that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.[1] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of organizing and perceiving new information.
Accommodation- involves the modification of an existing schema to understand (accommodate) new information.
Assimilation involves fitting a new experience into an existing schema
Conservation
the child realises that properties of objects—such as mass, volume, and number—remain the same, despite changes in the form of the objects e.g. changing the shape of the glass may not change volume
Egocentrism
Egocentrism refers to the child’s inability to see a situation from another person’s point of view- children will think everyone see’s things like they do (they are not selfish)
Chomsky (LAD)
Everyone is born with a language acquisition device which is the ability to develop a language
Critical period –0-6
The critical time in which humans need to develop basic skills such as language – if not it can lead to an interruption of learning language (Genie)
What is the Gesell Maturation Theory Subject off?
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Gesell’s Maturation Theory focused on the physical and mental development of children. He suggested that children will go through the same stages of development, in the same sequence but each child will go through the stages at their own rate. He suggested that patterns of development is determined by the individual’s genetic inheritance
What is the active Theory Subject off?
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The activity theory in response to the Social Disengagement Theory. The Activity Theory suggests that individuals in later adulthood are most fulfilled and at their happiest when they participate in social interactions and remain active. They adapt to activities to keep a sense of who they are
What are the two key types of Intelligence?
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Fluid intelligence
refers to the ability to reason and think flexibly- people apply knowledge to unknown situations using logic (early and middle adulthood)
Crystallized intelligence
refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired throughout life due to many life experiences (older adulthood)
What are some of the events that could take place that are Unpredictable/Predictable?
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Many events can be either predictable or unpredictable depending on the life course of the individual. They can include:
- starting school/nursery = Predictable
- moving house/leaving home = Predictable
- marriage = Predictable
- Divorce = Unpredictable
- starting a family = Predicable
- beginning employment /changing employment = Unpredictable
- retirement = Predictable
- death of a relative/partner/friend Unpredictable
- accidents or injury / serious illness Unpredictable
- promotion or redundancy Unpredictable
Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment scale what is it?
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Lists a set of life events with a stress reading of how stressful each event is. Individuals then take the amount of events they have present in their life at that current moment and add the Cauchy stress Index numbers together to get a total stress value. At the bottom of this test, each specific value will have outline what the effects of that specific level of stress maybe.
