Unit 3 World after WWI Flashcards
Arbitration
-Quarreling parties submit dispute to third party for ruling
Collective Security
- Attack on one member considered attack on all members
- used economic sanctions (trade)
Leagues limited membership
America-didn’t want responsibility for affairs of Europe
Russia-no state recognized Lenin’s communists as a lawful gov
Germany-not permitted to join
Secretariat
-leagues own separate staff of employees
International Labour Office
- improve working conditions, raising standard of living
- most successful + effective organization connected with league
German Question
-What role will Germany play in European/world affairs?
War debts vs Reparations
War debts- costs of war (equipment,soldiers,supplies etc)
Reparations-cost to fix damage done by war
Germany and reparations
- More German economy improved , more she had to pay
- made little effort to fix problems (inflation)
Hoare-Laval Plan
- Italy +Ethiopia
- B+F said that Italy could have most of Ethiopia if she agreed to stop fighting
- showed B+F had no interest in League taking strong stance
Occupation of Ruhr
- G failed to pay reparations ,
- 1923, F+ Belgium troops into Ruhr (major coal and steel producing region of G) to extract reparations for themselves
- G people +politicians united under hatred of French
- People refused to obey occupation authorities
- German gov had to pay for upkeep for people in Ruhr by printing more money, led to hyper-inflation
Berlin Putsh
- Extreme nationalists led by Wolfgang Knapp supported idea of enlarged militarily strong Germany
- Knapp’s men reinforced by ex-soldiers Freikorps led by officers of old imperial army
- People strike refuse to cooperate with Knapp
Gustac Stresemann
- New chancellor
- Called off resistance in Ruhr, announced Germany would resume payments of reparations
- Introduced new currency and old paper money destroyed :Rentenmark
- Now had support of America and Britain , led to Dawes,Young plans, Lacarno pact
Dawes Plan
- Help Germany pay reparations
- Allied forces evacuated from Ruhr
- Foreign loan yo get Germany started
- Dawes =American Banker
Young Plan
- Cut reparations more
- Allied occupations of Rhineland end ( Allies lost last pressure point to make Germany pay)
Lacarno Pact 1925
- Series of treaties
- B,F,Belgium,Italy,Germany agreed to guarantee existing frontiers and demilitarize Rhineland
- F,G,Belgium not make war
- Brought security in West and Insecurity in east
- German entry into League
Kellogg-Briand Pact
- Denounced war as method of solving disputes
- 15 nations including G,USA,USSR
Bourgeoisie
-Owners
Proletariat
-Workers
Exploitation
- Someone taking unfair advantage of someone else
- Connected with Capitalism in eyes of Communists
Tenets of Marxism
- Man by nature good
- Economic relations determine human relations
- Exploitation=feature of Capitalism
- Private property =evil
- Capitalism produces 2 classes ( with/without)
- Only revolution can rid society of Capitalism, and establish Proletariat dictatorship (workers)
- Classlessness , Statelessness
3 Stages of Revolution (Russia)
- Bloody Sunday-Challenge authority of Tsar
2.March revolution-Abdicate Tsar,Duma becomes provisional gov - November Revolution-Provisional gov out,communists in
Civil war
Russo-Japanese War
-Fighting for control of Korea +Manchuria
-Tsar thought quick victory would make him more popular
-Russian Baltic fleet destroyed (Battle of Tsushima)
significance:
-conditions worse for working people
-food supplies to cities broke down
-factories closed - raw materials ran shorty
-workers out of work and on streets
Bloody Sunday 1905
-Challenge authority of Tsar,crowds marching to
palace led by Father Gapon asking for better working/living conditions, end war with Japan.
-Police open fire
Impact:
-News of Massacre spread , riots in countryside and strikes in town
Soviets
- Means council
- Strikers set up councils in towns and cities
- alternate form of gov
- Striking workers wiling to obey soviets
October Manifesto and Duma 1905
- Russia could have Duma (elected parliament) to help Tsar run country
- Provide civil liberties
Black Hundreds
- Band of thugs take law into own hands
- Organize massacres of revolutionaries
Stolypin reforms
- Tough PM meant to make sure no more outbreaks of revolution
- Clamp down on terrorism
- Helped peasants become owners of own land to prevent violence in countryside
- Hung a lot of people - Stolypin Necktie
Bolsheviks vs Mensheviks
Bolsheviks (majority) Reds
- Led by Lenin
- Violence
- Win over masses unnecessary
Mensheviks (Minority) Whites
- Led by Martov
- Peaceful change
- Win over masses
- Less impatient than Bolsheviks
Rasputin Influence
- Starets-holy man of God
- Only son of Tsar had hemophilia,Rasputin prayed by his bed next morning healed
- Most trusted member of Tsar’s court
- Gave political advice to Tsar’s wife
- Competent officials replaced with Rasputin’s drunken buddies
- Wild behavior,affairs,drank,drugs
Fundamental Laws
- Set of laws, put Tsar’s October Manifesto into affect
- When things settles down Tsar reneged promises
March Revolution
- Increased strikes
- Troops sent to quell strikes, killed commander and joined protests
- Tsar abdicated ,Duma became provisional gov
Failure of Provisional gov
-Didn’t fulfill promises
-Continued with war
-didn’t solve food problems
-power struggle within
Marxists-carry on with revolution
Liberals-stop,consolidate victories
Petrograd Soviet
- Unofficial gov of workers + soldiers
- Elected by working people
- Aimed to protect interests of working people and soldiers
April thesis (Lenin)
- End war with Germany
- All land given to peasants
- banks nationalized
- Bolseviks change to commmunists
- no support to prov gov
- Soviets get together to form new gov
Kerensky
-Moderate,PM
November Revolution
-Bolsheviks arrested provisional gov and seized power
Sovnorkom
-Gov Lenin + Bolsheviks set up after revolution
