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History 12 > Hitler and Mussolini > Flashcards

Hitler and Mussolini Flashcards

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1
Q

Fasci di combattimento (Combat Groups)

A

-Anti-socialists

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2
Q

Black shirts

A
  • Ex-servicemen,middle class youths, anti-communists
  • wealthier
  • used for intimidation to gain support
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3
Q

First past the post

A

-Each electoral district has ridings, party with most won ridings becomes gov
majority-50% or over
minority-less than 50%

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4
Q

Proportional Representation

A
  • All political groups represented in proportion to their strength in electorate
  • results in many minority governments that cant get laws to be passed (unstable)
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5
Q

Mare Nostrum (Our Sea)

A
  • Mediterranean
  • Wanted “glories that once were Rome”
  • Led to invasion of Ethiopia
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6
Q

Fascism

A
  • Against socialism,liberalism,democracy
  • against people thinking for themselves
  • aggressive nationalism,
  • action over thought
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7
Q

March on Rome

A
  • Mussolini threatened to march on Rome
  • Parliament asked King to sign emergency legislation to deal with crisis
  • King feared civil war , asked Mussolini to form gov
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8
Q

II Duce

A
  • Leader (Mussolini)

- Title, feeds his ego

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9
Q

The Acerbo Law

A
  • Assure 2/3 majority in chamber of deputies for party got most votes in election
  • ended proportional representation
  • allowed Mussolini a huge majority
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10
Q

OVRA

A

-Mussolini’s secret police

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11
Q

Fascist Grand council

A
  • Trade unions abolished

- Elections cancelled, chamber of deputies chosen by fascist Grand council

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12
Q

Lateran Accords

A
  • Church-Mussolini
  • Church got control over religious education in schools
  • Official state religion =catholic
  • Pope rule own state-The Vatican
  • Mussolini got sanction by church
  • Last possible opposition dealt with
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13
Q

Corporate State

A
  • Management + workers ran everything together
  • Aimed at taking away rights of workers to join trade unions
  • Economic planning centralized
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14
Q

Bloodless Revoltion

A
  • Kaiser fled to Holland

- Republic proclaimed

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15
Q

Weimar Constitution

A

-Federal republic with national +state gov established at Wiemar

Reichstag

  • Legislative body
  • Practiced proportional representation
  • Universal vote

Reichtrat

  • Represented states
  • not much power

Executive

  • President elected independently
  • not much power, some control over chancellor
  • real power in cabinet , headed by chancellor
  • Chancellor: leader of largest party in Reichstag
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16
Q

Beer hall Putsch

A
  • Hitler,Ludendorff
  • March on Berlin
  • Poorly planned, leaders arrested sent to jail
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17
Q

Mein Kampft (My struggle)

A

-Book Hitler wrote in jail
-5 main ideas
Lebenstraum: living space
Denounced treaty of Versailles (reparations)
Aryan myth: German superior (Nationalism)
Anti-communists:Stalin worried
Anti-Semitism:Jewish

18
Q

Weaknesses of Weimar Republic

A
  • Associated with treaty of Versailles (this gov had signed it)
  • associated with inflation +collapse of mark
  • proportional representation means no clear majority
19
Q

National Socialist German Workers Party

A
  • Leader Hitler
  • Nazi
  • Created S.A or Brown Shirts ( political storm trooper)
20
Q

Lebenstraum

A

-Inferior races east of Germany make room for superior Germans

21
Q

President Hindenburg

A

-Refused to give Hitler (leader or largest single party) chancellorship, instead coalition formed

22
Q

Von Papen

A
  • Former chancellor
  • Hitler’s strength fading
  • Papen + Hindenburg thought could appoint Hitler as chancellor and use him as tool against communism
23
Q

Enabling Act

A
  • H frustrated with lack of majority, called another election
  • Used brown shirts to harass opposition
  • Reichstag burnt, blamed on communism
  • Hitler used this as evidence of impeding communist revolution
  • gave him emergency powers
24
Q

Night of the long Knives

A
  • Hitler murdered some internal challengers
  • Rohm, leader of Brown shirts
  • Gained support of army who worried that Rohm and S.A would take over army
25
Q

Shutzstaffel (S.S)

A

-Hitler’s police
Waffen- Military,special opps
Einzeingruppen- Holocaust, round up Jews

26
Q

Why Jews?

A

-Previously not allowed land or guilds (trades)
-Became merchant traders
trading becomes vital
Rich
-Controlled money, Hitler blamed problems on them
-Some Jews part of creation of Weimar republic that signed treaty

27
Q

Nuremburg Laws

A
  • Anti-Jewish laws
  • All Jews had to wear star of David
  • Forced Jews to forfeit careers and property
  • restrictions on marriage
  • Loss of citizenship
28
Q

Volk

A

-Racially pure people

29
Q

Fuhrer

A

-Hitler’s title

30
Q

Nazi Germany

A

-Only party allowed
-Freedoms abolished
-Education changed to serve interests of Nazi’s
-Hitler youth
Gestapo:
-secret police force
-enforce obedience to dictators commands
-cruel,feared
-concentration camps established and political opponents imprisoned

31
Q

Goering

A
  • Minister of air

- Organizer of Luftwaffe (German air force)

32
Q

Goebbels

A

-Minister of propaganda

33
Q

Himmler

A

-Chief of SS, later head of Gestapo

34
Q

Heydrich

A

-Controlled Gestapo

35
Q

Autarky

A

-Reduce German dependence of world market for essential raw materials

36
Q

National Labor service

A

-Set up to employ people on wide range of public works - in agriculture, land reclamation,building schools,hospitals,construction or autobahn (German highways)

37
Q

Other Work opportunites

A
  • Conscription of men into armed forces
  • expansion of armaments industry
  • creation of air force
  • promoted hard work, got special rewards-incentive
  • compulsory civic services
38
Q

Kristallnacht (Crystal night)

A

-Jewish shops,synagogues,homes ransacked, many Jews imprisoned

39
Q

Wannsea Conference

A
  • How to kill more people faster

- came up with death camps

40
Q

Glieshaltung

A
  • Nazification of everything

- control every aspect

History 12 (6 decks)

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