Unit 1 Flashcards
Democracy (classical)
- Direct
- Supreme power vested in people and exercised by them directly
- inefficient,expensive
Democracy (contemporary)
- representative (indirect)
- supreme power vested in people and exercised by them indirectly through a system of representatives in which people choose their representatives
Nationalism
- patriotic feeling
- feeling of superiority over other countries
Militarism
-spirit which exalts military virtues and ideals and pursues a policy of aggressive national interests
Imperialism
- extension of empire by acquirement of new territory
- extending countries power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Perspective
-ability to view events of a particular era without imposing own value system on those times.
Darwinism
-Charles Darwin ideas proposed that new leaders in society would be secular rather than religious.
Secularisation
-separation from church and state
Decadence
- decay of moral standards
- morality changing rapidly
Autocracy
-one person, or group with a single strong leader has political power without legal constraints and is not answerable to elections or any other group
Empire
-collection of territories ruled by one authority (headed by an emperor empress)consisting of an imperial state and independencies such as: colonies-dominions-provinces
Hegemony
political domination of one state over others
-tool used to carry out European hegemony = imperialism
Motives for Imperialism
- economic - greed, resources
- agressive-power,confidence
- strategic - another source for resources, access to ports, men
- missionary - religion
- colonizing- more room to live/expand
- humanitarian/leadership
Origins of Imperialism
- after European industrial revolution , produced more than they could consume. colonies would:
- consume products of factories
- supply raw materials for industries
White man’s burden
- morally justify harsh treatments of natives
- claimed that reason for imperialism was to bring natives the ‘benefits’ of European civilization
Significance of imperialism
- Europe had technological superiority, able to force their system onto rest of world
- increased squabbles
- de-colonization
Monroe Doctrine (America)
-no European involvement in American affairs
Gold standard
-currencies were worth the same amount
Two-power standard
-Britain navy had to be at all times as powerful as any two other navies of the world combined
Splendid Isolation
-remained disentangled from messy European affairs
Entente Cordiale
- British +French
- to settle outstanding imperialistic disputes between F+B , particularly the Fashoda Incident
Fashoda Incident 1898
- B+F both had claims to Egypt which stemmed from construction of Suez canal
- British +French forces met in the Sudan
- French got region west of watershed, British confirmed position in Egypt
Triple entente
-British, France,Russia
Otto Van Bismark
- leader of Prussia united German states through series of wars.
- united under motto “Blood and iron”
Franco-Prussain wars
- Germany defeated France
- took Alsace-Lorraine from France
- made a long term enemy of France
Mercantilism
-colonized countries had to buy from mother country for inflated prices
Dual Alliance 1879
- Germany +Austrie-hungary
- prevent encirclement
Triple alliance 1882
-Italy joined
Re-Insurance Treat 1887
- Russia + Germany
- assured Russian neutrality In a Franco German war
- new emperor Wilhelm II failed to renew treaty
Weltpolitik (World empire)
- Germany wanted colonies (had to improve navy for this)
- threatened british , started arms race
Schlieffen plan
- plan where germane could win a two front war
- part of army defeat france and then transfer to Russian-German border (assumed Russia would take long to mobilize troups)
- Germany violated belguim’s neutraility bringing in Britain
Eastern Questions
-What is going to happen to eastern Europe when ottoman empire falls?
Pan-slavism
-slavs in eastern Europe looked to Russia as the big-brother of their independence hopes
Russo-Japanese war 1904-1905
- Japan attacked Russian fleet in port Arthur
- defeated russia
Revanche
-Wanted loost provinces of Alsace-lorraine
Plan 17
- French equilvalent to schlieffen plan
- overload French +german border to get into germany
Italia irreidentia
- provinces still under Austie-Hungary’s control which is why Italy did not support A-H when war broke out
- joined triple entent who promise her those territories
Causes of World War 1
- Nationalism
- Imperialism-German desire for empire,making it the enemy, A-H against Russia in Balkans
- Militarism-arms race
dreadnoughts: warships - Alliances - turned it from a war between two countries to a world war
- Industrialization-more advance weaponry=more confidence
- Navel rivalry
First Moroccan Crisis 1905-06
-Entente Cordiale promised France free hand in Morocco
-Kaiser announced Morocco remain independent =direct challenge to France
-at meeting in Spain German’s lost (B sided with F)
Significance:
-B+F closer
-B-G relations worse
Second Moroccan Crisis 1911
-Germany again threatening war over Morocco
- Deal: G accepted France’s control in exchange for part of French Congo
Significance:
-G increase naval strength
-G-B completely estranged
Austrian Annexation of Bosnia 1908
-Russian only consent if G agreed to Russian warships in Mediterranean
-G supported A-H if she and Russia went to war
-B-F unwilling
Significance:
-Victory for Triple Alliance over Triple Entente
-Serbia(Serbs in Bosnia) + Russians didn’t get what they wanted
Balkan wars 1912-1913
Significance:
- Serbia stronger more of a threat to A-H
- Bulgaria +Romania went over to T alliance side
- Increased preparedness for war
Balkan wars 1912-1913
Significance:
- Serbia stronger more of a threat to A-H
- Bulgaria +Romania went over to T alliance side
- Increased prepardness for war
Sarajevo Crisis June 28 1914
- Archduke of Austria , Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo,Bosnia by Princep a member of Black Hand (Serbian terrorist group)
- Germany gave A-H a Blank Cheque
Sphere of interest
- Care who controls it but doesn’t need control of it
ex: British in Morocco
Sphere of interest
-Care
