Unit 3: Transportation Systems: Circulatory System Flashcards
what are the functions of the circulatory system
- transports nutrients and waste
- transports heat
- transports O2 to body cells and Co2 away from body cells
- transports hormones
- transports antibodies
is a hollow organ about the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, behind the sternum, and above the diaphragm
heart
what is the function of the heart
pump blood throughout the body
what are the four chambers of the heart
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle
receives unoxygenated blood from the veins
right atrium
receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs
right ventricle
receives OXYGENATED blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle
left atrium
pumps blood into the aorta, which will then transport the blood throughout the entire body
left ventricle
what are major vessels of the heart
aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries and veins
what are the four valves of the heart
tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, mitral (bicuspid valve), and aortic semilunar valve
how does the circulatory system work in transportation of nutrients
arteries pick up nutrients from the digestive system and delivery to cells of the body
veins carry away waste products and excess fluid of the cells of the body
how does the circulatory system work in transporting heat
regulates heat by distributing the heat generated by muscles
how does the circulatory system work in transportation of O2 to body cells and Co2 away from body cells
arteries carry oxygen to the body cells
veins take carbon dioxide away from body cells
how does the circulatory system work in transportation of hormones
transports them through the blood stream
how does the circulatory system work in transportation of antibodies
transports them through the blood stream to help fight infection
What is the order of blood flow from the human body back through the heart
SVC & IVC, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid (mitral) valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, to the body, repeat cycle.
form a closed system for the flow of blood.
blood vessels
what are three three main types of blood vessels
arteries, capillaries, veins
carry blood AWAY from the heart.
arteries
largest artery in the body
aorta
the smallest branch of arteries is called
arterioles
connects arterioles with venules. important for nutrient and waste exchange between the blood and cells
capillaries
smallest vessels of the circulatory system
capillaries
carry blood to the heart
veins
what are the four components of blood
red blood cells (erythrocytes)
white blood cells (leukocytes)
platelets (thrombocytes)
plasma
transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells, and carry carbon dioxide away from the cells
erythrocytes (RBC)
protect against infection and disease
leukocytes (WBC)
start the clotting process
platelets (thrombocytes)
clear yellow liquid that makes up 55% of the whole blood
plasma
internal bleed, vitamin deficiencies, decreases in red blood cell production, or increases in red blood cell production, or increases in red blood cell destruction by the spleen. (Deficiency in blood cells)
anemia
occurs when the coronary artery or a branch of the coronary artery is blocked and blood cannot flow to the heart muscle. also called myocardial infarction
heart attack
high blood pressure
hypetension
a build-up of fatty plaque in the inner arteries of the walls of arteries. causes a narrowing and decreased flow in blood
atherosclerosis
narrowing or stricturing of an artery. the loss of elasticity in the artery
arteriosclerosis
