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Mycology and Virology > Unit 3 Topics > Flashcards

Unit 3 Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Agent of Spelunker’s disease and Darling disease.

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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2
Q

The demonstration of encapsulated yeast cells in India ink from a CSF specimen is diagnostic for meningitis caused by…

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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3
Q

Fungal cultures are routinely incubated at

A

25 – 30 oC

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4
Q

A scalp infection that penetrates deep into the hair shaft is referred to as an

A

endothrix infection

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5
Q

Oral thrush in AIDS patients is usually caused by which yeast?

A

Candida albicans

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6
Q

The following culture media are used to demonstrate spore formation, EXCEPT…

  • potato dextrose agar
  • rice medium
  • cornmeal agar
  • none of the choices
A

rice medium

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7
Q

The male:female ratio of disseminated form of coccidioidomycosis is

A

9:1

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8
Q

Coccidioidomycosis is acquired through

A

inhalation of arthrospores

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9
Q

The most frequently encountered opportunistic fungal agent.

A

Candida albicans

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10
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about agents of endemic mycoses?

  • all are dimorphic fungi
  • all are agents of systemic disease
  • usually acquired by
  • inhalation of infective spores
  • does not illicit an immune response
A

does not illicit an immune response

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11
Q

The following are dimorphic fungi, EXCEPT…

  • Blastomyces dermatitidis
  • Rhizopus spp.
  • Sporothrix schenckii
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
A

Rhizopus spp.

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12
Q

What is the gold standard method for identifying yeasts such as Candida in the laboratory?

A

carbohydrate assimilation test

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13
Q

White Piedra is caused by

A

Trichosporon beigelii

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14
Q

A carcinogenic hepatotoxin produced by

A

Aflatoxin

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15
Q

The germ tube test is performed to either confirm or rule out…

A

Candida albicans

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16
Q

Which of the following media can be used to differentiate Candida albicans from other yeast species?

A

chlamydospore agar

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17
Q

Subcutaneous fungal infection characterized by the presence of granules in the pus of tumor-like lesions.

A

eumycotic mycetoma

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18
Q

What tests for the diagnosis of Cryptococcal meningitis may be performed on either CSF or serum?

A

Ag detection (latex agglutination) test

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19
Q

Which of the following statements is true about Aspergillus species?

A

normally found in soil

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20
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections?
*direct microscopy – culture - biochem testing – microscopic exam

  • culture – microscopic exam of culture – biochem testing – direct microscopy
  • direct microscopy – culture – microscopic exam – biochem testing
  • biochem testing – microscopic exam – culture – direct microscopy
A

direct microscopy – culture – microscopic exam – biochem testing

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21
Q

Large budding yeasts described as “mariner’s wheel” or “mickey mouse cap” demonstrated from a sputum specimen is consistent with an infection caused by…

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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22
Q

Agent of San Joaquin Valley fever.

A

Coccidioides immitis

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23
Q

Hyaline septate hyphae were seen in a direct microscopic examination of a tissue sample from an AIDS patient. Upon culture, the mold colonies demonstrated sickle-shaped septate conidia as shown below. Which of the following organisms is the most likely agent?

A

Fusarium solani

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24
Q

An organism found in caves due to its affinity to soil with high contents of nitrogen from bird and bat guano.

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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25
Q

Sclerotic bodies seen in a biopsy are pathognomonic for…

A

Chromoblastomycosis

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26
Q

M. canis can be differentiated from M. audouinii by its ability to grow on…

A

Rice medium

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27
Q

Infection of the scalp characterized by yellowish cup-shaped crusts forming honeycomb-like masses.

A

tinea favosa

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28
Q

Which of the following infections is acquired through skin injuries?

  • coccidioidomycosis
  • aspergillosis
  • sporotrichosis
  • blastomycosis
A

sporotrichosis

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29
Q

Organisms that are said to be adapted exclusively to living on human hosts are called…

A

Anthropophilic

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30
Q

An organism acquired by inhaling arthroconidia and diagnosed through the demonstration of spherules from a respiratory specimen.

A

Coccidioides immitis

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31
Q

stains is used primarily for examining fungal cultures?

A

lactophenol cotton blue

32
Q

used to be classified as a protozoan?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

33
Q

what matches the correct site for the following infections

  • Tinea Unguium
  • Tinea Pedis
  • Tinea Imbricata
  • Tinea Favosa
A

nails
feet
body
head

34
Q

This organism is associated with infections resulting from inhalation of infective conidia from decaying wood and soil.

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

35
Q

Which of the following is not true about tinea favosa?

  • It is a type of dermatophyte infection
  • It is a form of tinea corporis
  • It demonstrates yellow cup-shaped crusts
  • none of the choices
A

It is a form of tinea corporis

36
Q

A positive result in this test is considered adequate for the identification of a yeast isolate as Candida albicans.

A

chlamydospores on cornmeal agar

37
Q

Rhizopus, Mucor, and Absidia species are etiologic agents of…

A

Zygomycosis

38
Q

The following are used for direct microscopic examination of fungi from biopsy specimens, EXCEPT…

  • KOH with Methylene Blue
  • Masson-Fontana
  • Periodic Acid Schiff
  • Methenamine-Silver stain
A

KOH with Methylene Blue

39
Q

only produce surface erosions in the hair penetration test?

A

T. rubrum

40
Q

Ringworms are skin infections that demonstrate ring like patches of scaling and erythema. These infections are also known as…

A

dermatophytoses

41
Q

positive result for the 5-day urease test?

A

T. mentagrophytes

42
Q

Also known as “barber’s itch”.

A

tinea barbae

43
Q

This fungus demonstrates trophozoite and cyst stages.

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

44
Q

Olive oil overlayed on the inoculated medium is a technique for the isolation of…

A

Malassezia furfur

45
Q

This dermatophyte demonstrate colonies that produce a red pigment and macroconidia described as “pencil-shaped.”

A

Trichophyton rubrum

46
Q

Small yeast cells in significant numbers within monocytes and macrophages from a sputum sample is consistent with…

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

47
Q

Cycloheximide is added to fungal culture media to inhibit contamination due to…

A

saprophytic molds

48
Q

A patient with a nail infection submitted a specimen for culture. Direct microscopic exam revealed septate hyaline hyphae. Microscopic study of the culture demonstrated hyphae and these macroconidia. No microconidia were seen. The organism is most likely:

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

49
Q

Filipinos and African Americans run the highest risk of developing the disseminated form of this disease.

A

Coccidioidomycosis

50
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans can easily be differentiated from Candida by a…

A

positive urease test

51
Q

What matches the following?

  • beaver’s tail macroconidia in culture
  • septate hyphae and yeasts in skin scrapings
  • spiral hyphae
  • tuberculate, spindle-shaped macroconidia with 3-15 cells
  • hyaline arthroconidia in culture
A

Epidermophyton floccosum

Malassezia Furfur

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes

Microsporum Canis

Trichosporon beigelli

52
Q

Conidiospores are produced…

A

asexually

53
Q

techniques best maintain the microscopic morphology of fungal hyphae and fruiting structures?

A

microslide culture

54
Q

what matches the following:

  • tinea manuum
  • tinea cruris
  • tinea corporis
  • tinea barbae
A

Hand
groin
body
beard

55
Q

Agent of South American blastomycosis or Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease.

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

56
Q

An infection characterized by the presence of soft, white nodules on hair shafts.

A

white piedra

57
Q

what organisms is known to produce chlamydospores?

A

Candida albicans

58
Q

Black-dot ringworm is an example of an…

A

endothrix infection

59
Q

Often mistaken for melanomas, this infection is characterized by brown to black non-scaly macules that occur often on the palms and soles.

A

tinea nigra

60
Q

what organism matches the following:

  • cigar shaped yeast cells in direct microscopic exam
  • barrel shaped alternating arthroconidia in culture
  • shield cells in culture of mold form
  • tuberculate spherical macroconidia in culture of mold form
  • brush-like conidiophores in culture of mold form
A

Sporothrix Shenckii

Coccidiodes immitis

Chladophialophora carionii

Histoplasma Capsulatum

Talaromyces marneffei

61
Q

The causative agent of “gardener’s disease” or “rose handler’s disease”.

A

Sporothrix schenckii

62
Q

Trichophyton schoenleinii and T. violaceum are the etiologic agents of…

A

tinea favosa

63
Q

What diagnoses will be consistent with finding “copper bodies” in biopsy samples?

A

chromoblastomycosis

64
Q

Tinea nigra is caused by…

A

Hortaea werneckii

65
Q

Dermatophytoses are caused by members of the following genera, EXCEPT…

  • Trichosporon
  • Trichophyton
  • Epidermophyton
  • Microsporum
A

Trichosporon

66
Q

Tinea versicolor is caused by…

A

Malassezia furfur

67
Q

what is the etiologic agent of tinea imbricata?

A

Trichophyton concentricum

68
Q

What is the most probable organism present when a sputum sample exhibits broad-based budding yeasts upon direct examination?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

69
Q

Hortaea werneckii and Piedraia hortae are agents of…

A

superficial mycoses

70
Q

Chlamydospores found at the side of a hyphal segment is called…

A

sessile

71
Q

An isolate obtained from a hair sample demonstrated hyphae with very thick septations resembling bamboo rods. Which of the following is most consistent with this finding?

A

Microsporum ferrugineum

72
Q

brush-like conidiophores known as penicillus when grown at 25C?

A

Talaromyces marneffei

73
Q

what matches the infection with the specimen for direct microscopy

  • Tinea versicolor
  • Coccidiodes immitis
  • cryptcoccosis
  • eumycotic mycetoma
A

skin scarping

sputum

CSF

granules

74
Q

Samples collected from a case of tinea barbae revealed the following fungal structures in culture: Which of the following is the most probable organism?

A

Microsporum gypseum

75
Q

what organism matches the structures

  • broad-based budding yeasts in direct microscopic exam
  • flowerette or rosette microconidia in culture of mold form
  • multiple budding yeasts in direct microscopic exam
  • trophozoites and cysts in direct microscopic exam
  • pseudohyphae in direct microscopic exam
A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

sporothrix schenckii

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Candida Albicans

76
Q

“Mocassin foot” is a form of…

A

tinea pedis

77
Q

Direct examination of a lung biopsy revealed septate hyphae while culture produced molds with the structure shown below. Which of following would be consistent with the findings?

A

aspergilloma

Mycology and Virology (6 decks)

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