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Mycology and Virology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

Compiled topics

1
Q

What adult T-cell causes leukemia

A

HTLV-1

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2
Q

True or False

A dengue infection with any of the serotypes provides short-term cross-reactive immunity to all four serotypes.

A

true

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3
Q

This type of fungal disease causes no immune response from the host.

A

superficial mycoses

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4
Q

The following viruses can be transmitted through kissing, EXCEPT…

  • Mumps
  • Rubella
  • HIV
  • Rabies
A

HIV

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5
Q

HPV 16 and 18 are risk factors for the development of which cancer?

A

cervical cancer

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6
Q

What CSF markers is considered the most specific for prion disease

A

PrPSc

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7
Q

Which of the following is not an Ebola species?

- Tai Forest
- Zaire
- Sin Nombre
- Reston
A

Sin Nombre

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8
Q

It is the most sensitive CSF marker for prion disease

A

protein 14-3-3

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9
Q

The following may be transmitted via respiratory and oral secretions, EXCEPT…

- Measles
- SARS-CoV-2
- West Nile Fever
- Mumps
A

West Nile Fever

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10
Q

Most fungal infections are caused by members of phylum…

A

Deuteromycota

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11
Q

True or false

Arthroconidia are produced only by mold forms.

A

True

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12
Q

The sexual form of a fungus is referred to as

A

teleomorph

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13
Q

The classification of fungi into four phyla is based on the

A

type of sexual spore

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14
Q

Which of the following has hemagglutinins on the viral envelope?

  • Paramyxoviridae
  • Coronaviridae
  • Rhabdoviridae
  • Flaviviridae
A

Paramyxoviridae

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15
Q

Which of the following causes cervical cancer?

  • Borna disease virus
  • SV40
  • HTLV-1
  • HPV
A

HPV

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16
Q

The manifestations of Guillain-Barre syndrome are a result of

A

demyelination of nerves

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17
Q

Prions may be transmitted via…

A

Ingestion if infected meat
blood transfusions
Organ transplants

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18
Q 
Which of the following is caused by agents that are not usually pathogenic?
   -endemic mycoses
   -superficial mycoses
   -opportunistic mycoses
   -subcutaneous mycoses
dermatophytosis
A

opportunistic mycoses

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19
Q

This arthropod-borne viral infection is characterized by hemorrhagic fever accompanied by crippling joint pains.

A

Chikungunya

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20
Q

The following are viral infections than can infect both humans and animals, EXCEPT…

  • Rabies
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
  • Parainfluenza
  • West Nile Fever
A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

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21
Q

A type of asexual spore produced by swelling of hyphal cells.

A

chlamydospore

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22
Q

True or False

Endemic mycoses are most frequently acquired through skin inoculation.

A

False

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23
Q

Which of the following is true about mold forms?

  • produces bacteria-like colonies
  • filamentous
  • unicellular
  • produces pseudohyphae
A

filamentous

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24
Q

A type of asexual spore produced by budding and eventually pinching off a mother cell.

A

blastoconidia

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25
Q

Which of the following is a viral infection that may be diagnosed through a Pap smear?

  • New Castle Disease
  • Hanta Virus
  • Human Papilloma Virus
  • BK virus
A

Human Papilloma Virus

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26
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a form of

A

Prion disease

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27
Q

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the yeast form?

  • produce bacteria-like colonies
  • unicellular
  • reproduce by budding
  • produce hyphae
A

produce hyphae

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28
Q

A fungus that can produce both yeast and mold forms is called

A

dimorphic

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29
Q

The presence of both yeast and mold form in the same environment is referred to as

A

polymorphism

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30
Q

It is associated with both a mild rash and a fatal congenital infection

A

Rubella

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31
Q

Which form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in humans is associated with mad cow disease?

A

variant CJD

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32
Q

Fungal infections affecting the keratinized layers of the skin, hair, and nails

A

dermatophytoses

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33
Q

True or False

In fungal taxonomy and nomenclature, the anamorph name is interchangeable with the holomorph name.

A

False

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34
Q

Which of the following is the gold standard method for the diagnosis for prion disease?

  • antigen detection of CSF protein
  • anti-Prion antibody detection in serum
  • Brain tissue biopsy
  • prion isolation in culture
A

Brain tissue biopsy

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35
Q

Exanthems are associated with the following viral infections, EXCEPT…

  • Rubeola
  • Dengue
  • Zika
  • Mumps
A

Mumps

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36
Q

Prion diseases are diseases of the…

A

central nervous system

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37
Q

Also known as German Measles

A

Rubella

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38
Q

It demonstrates trapped ribosomes inside the capsid

A

arenaviruses

39
Q

Fungi that do not have melanin in their cell walls are called…

A

hyaline

40
Q

What viral family includes HIV and was named after the presence of the enzyme reverse transcriptase?

A

Retroviridae

41
Q

A child suffering from fever and swelling of the parotid glands is most likely infected with which of the following viruses?

A

Mumps

42
Q

The NS1 antigen detection test is a diagnostic tool for…

A

Dengue

43
Q

Described as having a bullet-shaped virion.

A

Rhabdoviridae

44
Q

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by a variant…

A

Rubeola virus

45
Q

What is the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever?

A

Hantaan virus

46
Q

Which of the following is a sexual spore?

  • arthroconidia
  • blastoconidia
  • sporangiospores
  • ascospore
A

ascospore

47
Q

For which of the following Ebola virus species is a vaccine available?

  • Zaire
  • Sudan
  • Reston
  • Bundibugyo
A

Zaire

48
Q

Considered the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants.

A

RSV

49
Q

Which of the following is the most common initial site of infection in endemic mycoses?

  • brain
  • intestines
  • lungs
  • skin
A

lungs

50
Q

Also known as the tissue form, it is the most common form seen in direct microscopic exams of dimorphic fungi.

A

yeast

51
Q

Koplik’s spots are bluish-white lesions that appear in the…

A

buccal mucosa

52
Q

The following are known to cause pneumonia, EXCEPT…

  • RSV
  • Parainfluenza
  • Coronavirus
  • HTLV
A

HTLV

53
Q

True or false

There are 5 species of Ebola viruses.

A

true

54
Q

Koplik’s spots appear during the prodrome stage of infection with…

A

rubeola

55
Q

True or false

Coenocytic hyphae do not have septations or cross-walls.

A

False

56
Q

An infection with the following will confer type-specific lifetime immunity, EXCEPT…

  • Dengue
  • Rubella
  • Mumps
  • Ebola
A

Ebola

57
Q

Encephalitis is associated with the following viral infections, EXCEPT…

  • Rubeola
  • Marburg virus
  • West Nile fever
  • Rabies
A

Marburg virus

58
Q

True or false

A second dengue infection tends to be more severe than the first due to the patient’s immune response.

A

True

59
Q

Fatalities due to dengue are a result of…

A

hemorrhage and shock

60
Q

A type of sexual spore is born inside a sac-like structure.

A

ascospore

61
Q

Croup, otherwise known as laryngotracheobronchitis, is a severe respiratory disease in children caused by…

A

Parainfluenza virus

62
Q

Which animal is considered a natural reservoir of the recent Ebola outbreak?

A

fruit bats

63
Q

Newcastle disease virus causes _ in humans.

encephalitis

A

conjunctivitis

64
Q

A fungus that can only reproduce through arthrospore formation would be classified under…

A

Deuteromycota

65
Q

True or false

Humans are dead-end hosts for the dengue virus.

A

false

66
Q

When a holomorph has two anamorphs, the two asexual forms of the fungus are referred to as…

A

synanamorphs

67
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding fungi?

  • all fungi can reproduce asexually
  • some fungi are facultatively anaerobic
  • Fungi are non-photosynthetic organisms
  • Fungi are prokaryotic
A

Fungi are prokaryotic

68
Q

Electron microscopy revealed filamentous viruses from a patient suffering from massive internal bleeding. Which of the following viruses is the most probable etiologic agent?

A

Marburg virus

69
Q

It is described as thread-like and pleomorphic

A

Filoviridae

70
Q 
True or false
Members of class division Deuteromycota are anamorphic fungi
A

True

71
Q

Forchheimer spots are petechial spots found in the soft palate of individuals infected with…

A

Rubella virus

72
Q

True or false

The sylvan cycle occurs among hosts in a forest or jungle environment.

A

True

73
Q

A type of fungal infection caused by species usually considered normal flora.

A

opportunistic mycoses

74
Q

Ebola virus has been found in monkeys and pigs but is not known to produce hemorrhagic disease in humans?

A

Reston

75
Q

it was previously suspected of causing neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

Borna disease virus

76
Q

Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes from the genus…

A

Aedes

77
Q

An infection characterized by fungal invasion of the deeper skin layers, muscle, and connective tissue.

A

subcutaneous mycoses

78
Q

The following statements are true about fungi, EXCEPT…

  • eukaryotic
  • chitinous cell walls
  • autotrophic
  • aerobic
A

autotrophic

79
Q

viral genera are associated with skin warts

A

Papillomavirus

80
Q

Rabies disease is a form of …

A

encephalitis

81
Q

The following are arthropod-borne viruses, EXCEPT…

  • Chikungunya
  • Zika virus
  • Marburg virus
  • West Nile fever virus
A

Marburg virus

82
Q

True or false

Prion diseases are always fatal.

A

True

83
Q

The vegetative hyphae…

A

absorb nutrients from the substrate

84
Q

a most suitable example of an amplifying host for a vector-borne virus

A

rat

85
Q

The causative agent of COVID-19 is officially named…

A

SARS-CoV-2

86
Q

it is identified through electron microscopy as demonstrating large, petal-like peplomers

A

Coronavirus

87
Q

The following are rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses, EXCEPT…

  • Lassa Virus
  • Hantavirus
  • Junin Virus
  • Rabies Virus
A

Rabies Virus

88
Q

Negri bodies are eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions found in nerve cells, the presence of which indicates an infection with…

A

Rabies

89
Q

Polyomavirus that is associated with brain tumors, bone tumors, and mesotheliomas?

A

SV40 Virus

90
Q

Sparsely septate hyphae are also known as…

A

coenocytic

91
Q

the arthropod-borne virus causing fever, rash, and conjunctivitis among infected patients and is also associated with congenital infections leading to microcephaly?

A

Zika Virus

92
Q

Hallucinations and hydrophobia are associated with…

A

Rabies

93
Q

A large vertebrate that is an ineffective source of arbovirus infection due to low levels of viremia is referred to as a/an…

A

dead-end host

94
Q

The antibody-dependent enhancement theory by Halstead is a proposed explanation about the mechanisms involved in severe…

A

Dengue

Mycology and Virology (6 decks)

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