Unit 3, Topic 9a - Metals Flashcards
What are the physical properties of metals?
Solid at RT (except Mercury) shiny, malleable, ductile, sonorous, electrical and thermal conductors
Which metals react with water?
K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg
Write a general word equation for the reaction of metal with water
Metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of a metal with water e.g. lithium
2Li + 2H2O → 2LiOH + H2
Write a full ionic equation for the reaction of a metal with water.
Li(s) +2H2O(l) → 2Li+(aq) + 2OH- (aq) + H2(g)
Write a general word equation for the reaction of a metal with oxygen
Metal + oxygen → metal oxide
Which metals react with dilute acid?
K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Sn (above H)
Write a general word equation for the reaction of a metal with dilute acid
Metal + acid → metal salt + hydrogen
Write balanced chemical equations for the reaction of metal with acid e.g. zinc with sulphuric acid
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
How could you work out the order of reactivity of metals?
Observations of speed of reaction with water, oxygen and dilute acid – faster reactions with more reactive metals
Draw a diagram to show how electricity can be generated using two different metals and an electrolyte to form a simple cell
Look at LOs
What is an electrolyte?
Ionic solution which completes the circuit.
What determines the size of the voltage in a simple cell?
Position in the electrochemical series (ecs)
The further apart the metals in the ecs, the greater the voltage produced in a cell
What determines the direction of electron flow in a cell? Add an arrow to your diagram above to show the direction of flow of electrons.
The metal highest in the ecs will lose electrons, the metal lowest in the ecs will gain the electrons (move from highest to lowest through the wires)
Draw and label a diagram of a cell that uses a salt/ion bridge. What is the purpose of the salt/ion bridge?
Salt bridge or ion bridge between two half cells completes the circuit – ions flow through the ion bridge.
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons by a reactant
Be able to write an ion electron half equation for oxidation, eg , show the oxidation of iron starting with an iron atom forming iron (II) ions
Fe → Fe2+ + 2e-
What happens when metals are oxidised?
They react to form a compound.
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons by a reactant
Be able to write an ion electron half equation for reduction, eg show the reduction of silver ions to silver atoms
Ag+ + e → Ag
What is a redox reaction?
Oxidation and reduction go on together in a chemical reaction
Be able to combine oxidation and reduction to show a redox reaction.
Oxidation and reduction go on together in a chemical reaction
How do you combine oxidation and reduction reactions?
To combine oxidation and reduction reactions the number of electrons lost and gained must be the same so they can cancel out
