Unit 1, Topic 5b-Reactions of acids

Question 1

Name the gas produced when a metal reacts with acid.

Answer 1

Hydrogen

Question 2

Complete the word equation:
metal + acid–>

Answer 2

metal and acid–> metal salt + hydrogen

Question 3

Be able to write word and balanced equations for reactions between metals and acids.

Answer 3

Practice and look at booklet.

Question 4

Name 3 metals that do not react acids.

Answer 4

Silver, gold + COPPER

Question 5

In this reaction, what happens to the hydrogen ions from the acid?

Answer 5

H+ ions react forming H2 gas

Question 6

What is the test for hydrogen gas?

Answer 6

Burns with a pop

Question 7

Write the definition of a salt.

Answer 7

A compound made from an acid where the H+ ions have been replaced by metal ions. (or the ammonium ion)

Question 8

What is the name ending of the salt that is always produced from hydrochloric acid?

Answer 8

Chloride

Question 9

What is the name ending of the salt that is always produced from sulfuric acid?

Answer 9

Sulfate

Question 10

What is the name ending of the salt that is always produced from nitric acid?

Answer 10

Nitrate

Question 11

Be able to write full equations for LIs a)3, 9, 10, 11, 13 b) 2,3,4,5, c) 3,4,5,6 d)2,3,4,5,

Answer 11

Make sure to practice these.

Question 12

Is the reaction of metals and acids a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 12

No, because water is not produced in the reaction.

Question 13

Complete the word equation:
Metal oxide + acid–>

Answer 13

Metal oxide + acid –> metal salt + water

Question 14

Why do all metal oxides and acids react in this way?

Answer 14

Because they are all reactions of O2- ions from the oxide with 2H+ ions from the acid forming H20

Question 15

Complete the word equation:
Metal hydroxide + acid–>

Answer 15

Metal hydroxide + acid–> metal salt + water

Question 16

What is another, more common name for metal hydroxides?

Answer 16

Alkalis-so, acid + alkali –> salt + water

Question 17

Explain why all metal hydroxides (alkalis) and acids react in this way.

Answer 17

Because they are all reactions of OH- ions from the hydroxide (alkali) with H+ ions from the acid-forming water and carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Complete the word equation:
Metal carbonate + acid–>

Answer 18

Metal carbonate + acid–> metal salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 19

What type of compound is always made in each of the reactions of acids above.

Answer 19

Metal salts (or just salts)

Question 20

Write a definition for neutralisation.

Answer 20

The reaction of an acid with a base producing water.

Question 21

What types of compounds are bases?

Answer 21

Metal oxides, metal carbonates and metal hydroxide (alkalis) NOT METALS

Question 22

What is the common feature of all reactions when an acid is neutralised by a base?

Answer 22

The H+ ions of the acid reacts with the base forming water.

Question 23

What are the bases that dissolve in water called?

Answer 23

alkalis

Question 24

What happens to the pH of an acid during neutralisation?

Answer 24

Increases towards 7

Question 25

What happens to the pH of an alkali during neutralisation?

Answer 25

Decreases towards 7

Question 26

Explain why using an insoluble metal carbonate is the easiest way to exactly neutralise an acid.

Answer 26

No heating is needed and when fizzing stops and an excess of the insoluble metal carbonate can be seen sitting at the bottom of the beaker then that means the acid has run out meaning that it all has been neutralised. The excess carbonate can then be easily filtered off and the solution evaporated to get the solid salt.

Question 27

Explain why using a soluble metal carbonate would not work.

Answer 27

There would be no excess visible to be sure that all the acid had been neutralised. Any excess would just dissolve in the water of the solution.

Question 28

Name 4 different everyday examples of neutralisation.

Answer 28

1. Stomach acid is neutralised by alkaline indigestion remedies. 2. Acid soil is neutralised by lime (calcium oxide) a base. 3. Acid rain in lochs is treated with limestone (calcium carbonate) a base 4. Toothpaste is alkaline to neutralise acids in the mouth

Question 29

Decide which chemicals would be best to prepare the following salts. i) copper (II) nitrate ii) magnesium sulfate iii)nickel chloride iv) sodium chloride

Answer 29

i) nitric acid + copper (II) carbonate ii) sulfuric acid + magnesium carbonate iii) hydrochloric acid + nickel carbonate iv) sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid - with indicator to determine exact neutralisation

Question 30

Be able to do titration calculations

Answer 30

Use LIs 1,2,3,4