Unit 1, Topic 5b-Reactions of acids Flashcards
Name the gas produced when a metal reacts with acid.
Hydrogen
Complete the word equation:
metal + acid–>
metal and acid–> metal salt + hydrogen
Be able to write word and balanced equations for reactions between metals and acids.
Practice and look at booklet.
Name 3 metals that do not react acids.
Silver, gold + COPPER
In this reaction, what happens to the hydrogen ions from the acid?
H+ ions react forming H2 gas
What is the test for hydrogen gas?
Burns with a pop
Write the definition of a salt.
A compound made from an acid where the H+ ions have been replaced by metal ions. (or the ammonium ion)
What is the name ending of the salt that is always produced from hydrochloric acid?
Chloride
What is the name ending of the salt that is always produced from sulfuric acid?
Sulfate
What is the name ending of the salt that is always produced from nitric acid?
Nitrate
Be able to write full equations for LIs a)3, 9, 10, 11, 13 b) 2,3,4,5, c) 3,4,5,6 d)2,3,4,5,
Make sure to practice these.
Is the reaction of metals and acids a neutralisation reaction?
No, because water is not produced in the reaction.
Complete the word equation:
Metal oxide + acid–>
Metal oxide + acid –> metal salt + water
Why do all metal oxides and acids react in this way?
Because they are all reactions of O2- ions from the oxide with 2H+ ions from the acid forming H20
Complete the word equation:
Metal hydroxide + acid–>
Metal hydroxide + acid–> metal salt + water
What is another, more common name for metal hydroxides?
Alkalis-so, acid + alkali –> salt + water
Explain why all metal hydroxides (alkalis) and acids react in this way.
Because they are all reactions of OH- ions from the hydroxide (alkali) with H+ ions from the acid-forming water and carbon dioxide.
Complete the word equation:
Metal carbonate + acid–>
Metal carbonate + acid–> metal salt + water + carbon dioxide
What type of compound is always made in each of the reactions of acids above.
Metal salts (or just salts)
Write a definition for neutralisation.
The reaction of an acid with a base producing water.
What types of compounds are bases?
Metal oxides, metal carbonates and metal hydroxide (alkalis) NOT METALS
What is the common feature of all reactions when an acid is neutralised by a base?
The H+ ions of the acid reacts with the base forming water.
What are the bases that dissolve in water called?
alkalis
What happens to the pH of an acid during neutralisation?
Increases towards 7
What happens to the pH of an alkali during neutralisation?
Decreases towards 7
Explain why using an insoluble metal carbonate is the easiest way to exactly neutralise an acid.
No heating is needed and when fizzing stops and an excess of the insoluble metal carbonate can be seen sitting at the bottom of the beaker then that means the acid has run out meaning that it all has been neutralised. The excess carbonate can then be easily filtered off and the solution evaporated to get the solid salt.
Explain why using a soluble metal carbonate would not work.
There would be no excess visible to be sure that all the acid had been neutralised. Any excess would just dissolve in the water of the solution.
Name 4 different everyday examples of neutralisation.
- Stomach acid is neutralised by alkaline indigestion remedies.
- Acid soil is neutralised by lime (calcium oxide) a base.
- Acid rain in lochs is treated with limestone (calcium carbonate) a base
- Toothpaste is alkaline to neutralise acids in the mouth
Decide which chemicals would be best to prepare the following salts.
i) copper (II) nitrate
ii) magnesium sulfate
iii)nickel chloride
iv) sodium chloride
i) nitric acid + copper (II) carbonate
ii) sulfuric acid + magnesium carbonate
iii) hydrochloric acid + nickel carbonate
iv) sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid - with indicator to determine exact neutralisation
Be able to do titration calculations
Use LIs 1,2,3,4
