Unit 3: Topic 1- The Presidential Election of 1960 Flashcards
By what margin did Kennedy win the 1960 election?
0.17%
Which independent candidate won Southern states in the 1960 election and how many did he win?
- Harry Byrd
- 3 states
How many life-threatening diseases did Kennedy have?
4
How old were Kennedy and Nixon at the time of the election?
- Kennedy- 43
- Nixon- 47
How many Americans did Kennedy claim were starving?
17 million
How much experience did Kennedy and Nixon have?
- Kennedy- 13 years in Congress- 7 years in the Senate
- Nixon- 13 years in Congress- 8 years as Vice President
When was the first ever TV debate?
6 weeks before the 1960 election
How many people watched the 1960 TV debate?
74 million
Who was Martin Luther King’s wife who Kennedy called after King was arrested?
Corretta Scott King
How much of the black vote did Kennedy win?
70%
What statistic did Kennedy emphasise to point out not all Americans had the American dream?
7% unemployment
Who was Nixon’s running mate in the 1960 election?
Henry Cabot Lodge
How many states did Nixon campaign in for the 1960 election?
All 50 states
Why did the taller candidate have the advantage in the 1960?
Since 1904 the taller candidate won all but 2 elections
How many votes is Kennedy estimated to have lost due to his Catholicism?
1.5 million
What is an example of a campaign song Kennedy used?
Kennedy for Me
Where and when did Kennedy give his ‘New Frontier’ speech?
- Democratic National Convention
- July 1960
How many frontiers did Kennedy suggest in his ‘New Frontier’ speech and what were they?
- 4 frontiers
- Poverty and Surplus
- Peace and War
- ignorance and Prejudice
*
What did Kennedy focus on with regards to poverty and surplus?
7% unemployment
How did Kennedy fulfil science and space element of the New Deal?
- $9 billion
- 3 Americans put into space
How did Kennedy fulfil ‘Ignorance and prejudice’ element of his new deal in his election campaign?
- Called Coretta Scott King while King was imprisoned and called Georgia authorities to help with his release.
- 70% of black vote won.
- Focus on women’s rights
Who was leader of the Peace Corps under Kennedy (and Johnson)
Sargent Shriver
What relation was Sargent Shriver to Kennedy and what role did he have?
- His brother in law
- Leader of the Peace Corps
- Helped Kennedy with election campaign- recommended talk with Coretta Scott King
What executive order created the Peace Corps?
Executive Order 10924
Who was Kennedy (and Johnson’s) Secretary of Defence and why was he chosen?
- Robert McNamara
- Headhunted from role in Ford- career in accountancy
What role did Robert McNamara play?
- Secretary of Defence
- Involved in Vietnam war, restructuring military strategy
Who was Kennedy (and Johnson’s) US National Security Advisor?
McGeorge Bundy
What role did McGeorge Bundy perform for Kennedy?
- National Security Advisor
- Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, escalation in Vietnam
Who was Kennedy (and Johnson’s) Secretary of State?
Dean Rusk
What role did Dean Rusk perform for Kennedy?
- Secretary of State
- Mostly facilitated what Kennedy wanted in Bay of Pigs/ Vietnam
- Had more of a role under LBJ
Who was Kennedy’s Attorney General?
Bobby Kennedy
What role did Bobby Kennedy perform for John Kennedy?
- Attorney General
- Brother and closest advisor
- Worked for Department of Justice- civil rights.
- Aided in Cuban Missile crisis and Berlin Crisis.
Who was the (racist) founder and head of the FBI?
J Edgar Hoover
How long had LBJ served in Congress when he became Vice President?
24 years
When was Kennedy assasinated?
November 1963
How many bills that Kennedy submitted were passed?
35/58
What did Kennedy establish to aid Women’s rights and when?
- Presidential Commission on the Status of Women
- December 1961
Who chaired the 1961 Presidential Commission on the Status of Women?
Elenor Roosevelt
What did the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women produce for Kennedy and when?
- Report called ‘American Women’ highlighting discrimination
- 1963
What act did Kennedy sign to help Women’s rights and when?
- Equal Pay Act
- June 1963
What did the Equal Pay Act enable?
- 171,000
- $84 million over 10 years
When was the civil rights bill introduced?
1963
What project did Kennedy create to help black voters and when?
- April 1962
- Voter Education Project
What did Kennedy introduce for civil rights?
- Committee on Equal Employment Opportunities (CEEO)
- Discrimination in public housing prohibited
- Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)- desegregation on interstate travel
When did the US put a chimpanzee into space?
January 1961
Who was the first man in space and when did the Soviets put into him there?
- April 1961
- Yuri Gagarin
When was the Apollo programme aiming to put a man on the moon launched?
May 1961
Who was the first person for the Americans to put into space and when?
- Alan Shepard
- May 1961
Who did the Americans put into space?
- Alan Shepard
- Gus Grissom
- John Glenn
When did the US develop the first communications satelite and what was it called?
- Telstar
- 1962
How much did Kennedy give NASA to put a man on the moon?
$9 billion
When did the USSR test the biggest thermonuclear bomb and what was it called?
- 1961
- Tsar Bomb
What act increased the minimum wage?
- Minimum Wage Act
- 1961
What were the benefits of the 1961 minimum wage act?
- 25 cent increase to $1.25
- Covered 3.6 million workers
- $175 million more paid
What were the limitations of the 1961 minimum wage act?
- 500,000 poorest not covered
- Included 150,000 laundry workers (black women)
What act protected young people in the work place, when was it and what were it’s effects?
- Fair Labour Standards Act
- 1961
- 2 million jobs protected
What acts aided workers rights?
- Minimum Wage Act (1961)
- Fair Labour Standards Act (1961)
- Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (1962)
What acts aided Employment and Training?
- Area Redevelopment Act (1961)
- Manpower Development and Training Act (1962)
What did the 1961 Area Redevelopment Act do to help workers?
- $394 million to extend employment opportunities
- 26,000 jobs
- 15,000 people in training programs
What were the limitations of the 1961 Area Redevelopment Act?
- 5 million Americans remained unemployed
- Congress refused to reauthorise the Act in 1963 due to Republican jealousy
What did the 1962 Manpower Development and Training Act do to help workers?
- December 1962- 351 programs
- 12,600 trainees in 40 states
What acts helped housing and development?
- Omnibus Housing Act- 1961
- New Housing Act
What did the Omnibus Housing Act do to aid Americans?
- $5 billion for urban renewal and public housing
- Low interest loans for middle income families
What did the New Housing Act do to help Americans?
- 420,000 jobs
- $3.19 billion spent
- Urban renewal grants x2
- 100,000 new homes
What proposition to aid housing and urban development was rejected?
Department of Urban Affairs and Housing
What programme aided agriculture, what did it do and when was it?
- Food and Agriculture Act
- 1962
- Federal subsidies to farmers
What programmes/ acts aided food poverty?
- Food Stamp Act (1964)
- School Lunch Act
- Department of Agriculture doubled food distribution to poor and unemployed
What benefits did the Food Stamp Act provide?
- 240,000 people fed annually
- Cost $22 million
What benefits did the School Lunch Act provide?
- 700,000 more children had hot lunches
- 85,000 more childcare places had fresh milk
When were tax cuts to stimulate the economy rejected?
1963
What welfare reforms and social security measures were introduced?
- Social Security Amendments Act (1961)
- Increased Welfare Benefits
- Increased Social Security Benefits
- Retirement Benefits- benefits for retired govt workers
- Increased Foster Care and Disabled Funding:
How were welfare benefits increased?
- $200 million allocated for 750,000 children
- $780 million in unemployment benefits helped 3 million unemployed.
How were social security benefits increased?
Increased by 20%, extension covering 5 million more Americans.
What proposed welfare reform was rejected and when?
- Univeral Healthcare Bill (Medicare)
- 1963
How much New Frontier legislation had an educational aspect?
1/3
What educational reforms occured under hte new frontier?
- Vocational Education Act (1963)
- Educational Television Facilities Act (1962)
- Healthcare Training Grants and Loans
What act expanded scholarships and student loans?
Vocational Education Act (1963)
What act provided funds to aid the use of TV in schools?
Educational Television Facilities Act (1962)
What were the features of aid for healthcare training?
- $2,000 per year for healthcare training
- New facilities for trainee healthcare providers
What educational provision was rejected and when?
- Proposed financial aid for elementary and secondary education rejected
- 1961
What provision was there for healthcare?
- Increased funding for nursing homes and migrant worker healthcare
- Social Security Act (1963)
- Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1963)
- Clean Air Act (1963)
What act enabled vaccination of millions of children and more attention to disabled and when?
- Social Security Act
- 1963
What act tightened regulations on drugs and when?
- Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
- 1963
What act expanded National Parks and doubled funding to prevent water pollution and when?
- Clean Air Act
- 1963
