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Sports Med > UNIT 3: TISSUE HEALING NOTES > Flashcards

UNIT 3: TISSUE HEALING NOTES Flashcards

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1
Q

Syndrome

A

Group of signs and symptoms that indicate injury or disease.

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2
Q

Something that you see is…

A

Sign (Objective)

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3
Q

Examples of signs

A

Deformity, limping, bleeding

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4
Q

Something that a person is feeling is…

A

Symptom (Subjective)

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5
Q

Examples of symptoms

A

Aching pain, burning, drowsiness, fever, sharp pain

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6
Q

Pathology

A

Structural and functional changes from injury

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7
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of a disease

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8
Q

Mechanism

A

Mechanical description of cause

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9
Q

Diagnosis

A

Specific condition

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10
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

Possible conditions that share the same symptoms or signs

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11
Q

Examples of differential diagnosis

A

Fractures, headaches, strokes

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11
Q

Working Diagnosis

A

A disease that hasn’t been ruled out

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12
Q

Prognosis

A

Projected outcome

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13
Q

What is needed in order to have a definitive diagnosis?

A

All aspects of the injury or illness must be considered

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14
Q

What are the 3 stages of healing process?

A

Inflammation, Fibroblastic Repair, Maturation-Remodeling

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15
Q

What is the goal of inflammatory response?

A

Prepare the body for healing

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16
Q

What happens in inflammatory response?

A
  • Cells start to die
  • New capillaries form
  • Type III Collagen Formation
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17
Q

Vasodilatation

A

Increase blood flow to bring new cells/chemicals into the area for healing

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18
Q

What are the important chemicals in inflammatory response?

A

Phagocytes/Macrophages
Leukocytes
Platelets
Histamine

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19
Q

Phagocytes/Marophages

A

Cells that engulf & eat dead cells

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20
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells fighting infection

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21
Q

Platelets

A

Carry blood clotting materials

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22
Q

Histamine

A

Cause the vasodilitation

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23
Q

How many days does the Inflammatory response lasts?

A

Injury to 4 days

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24
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Heat
  • Redness
  • Loss of function/ROM
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25
Q

What is the goal of fibroblastic (repair) phase:

A

Repair the injured site

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26
Q

What happens in fibroblastic repair?

A
  • Debris removal via phagocytes
  • Scar formation via Fibroblasts
  • Decrease in capillaries
  • Absorption of Type III Collagen
  • Develop New Tissues
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27
Q

Important chemicals of fibroblastic repair?

A

Fibroblasts, Chondroblasts, Osteoblasts

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28
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Lay new fibers

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29
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Build cartilage

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30
Q

Osteoblasts

How long does the fibroblastic repair lasts?

A

Build bone

4 days – 3 weeks

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31
Q

What is the goal of maturation?

A

Return to normal tissue, strength, function

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32
Q

What happens in maturation phase?

A
  • Re-absorption of all chemicals
  • Scar maturation
  • Production of Type 1 Collagen
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33
Q

Scar maturation

A

Re-alignment of fibers along normal lines

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34
Q

How long does the maturation phase lasts?

A

3 weeks - 2 years

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35
Q

Signs of infection

A
  • Redness
  • Heat
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness
  • Abnormal or Purulent Discharge
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36
Q

Factors affecting the rate & extent of healing

A

Age, nutrition, fitness level, steroids

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37
Q

POLICE

A

Used for boots and crutches
Protection
Optimum
Loading
Ice
Compression
Elevation

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38
Q

Why is elevation important?

A

Helps with swelling

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39
Q

What are treating signs of infection?

A

Clean, cover and refer

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40
Q

What is collagen?

A

Contains protein fibers that help create an outer layer around tissues.

41
Q

What forms scars?

A

Fibroblasts

42
Q

What percentage of collagen is in the body?

A

80-90%

43
Q

Where is Type I collagen found?

A

Skin, tendon, bone, ligaments

44
Q

Where is Type II collagen found?

A

Hyaline cartilage & vertebral discs

45
Q

Where is Type III collagen found?

A

Skin, smooth muscles, nerves, blood vessels

46
Q

The skin is…

A
  • Outermost surface of the body
  • 1st line of defense against external forces
47
Q

Functions of the skin are…

A
  • Keeps bodily fluids in
  • Picks up sensations
  • Secretes and oily substance
  • Incredible ability to stretch
48
Q

What 3 layers make up the skin?

A

Dermis, epidermis & subcutaneous

49
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

A

206

50
Q

What 2 categories is the skeleton categorized?

A

Axial skeleton (ribcage, skull) & appendicular skeleton (arms & legs)

51
Q

Function of bones are…

A
  • Protect vital organs and structures from trauma
  • Create movement
  • Produce blood cells and store calcium and phosphorus
52
Q

What are the types of bones?

A

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid or floating bone

53
Q

Where are long bones found?

A

arms & legs

54
Q

Where are short bones found?

A

Hands, wrist, & feet

55
Q

Where are flat bones found?

A

Sternum

56
Q

Where are irregular bones found?

A

Vertebrae

57
Q

Where are sesamoid bones found?

A

Patella

58
Q

What does hyaline or articular cartilage do?

A
  • Covers the ends of long bones
  • Found between bones
59
Q

Main functions of hyaline cartilage?

A
  1. Joint structure
  2. Absorb shock
  3. Permit smooth bone movement
60
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found in the body?

A

Intervertebral discs & meniscus

61
Q

Functions of fibrocartilage

A
  • Shock absorption
  • Deepen joints for stability
  • Provide nourishment to the joint
62
Q

Functions of muscles:

A
  • Allow body to accelerate, decelarate, stop movement
  • Maintain normal postural alignment
  • Produces heat
63
Q

Functions of tendons:

A
  • Connect muscle to bone
  • Transmits the force a muscle exerts
64
Q

Function of ligaments:

A
  • Connect bone to bone
  • Help form joints
65
Q

What are the 3 muscle types?

A

Skeletal, cardiac & smooth muscle

66
Q

What is skeletal muscle made out of?

A

Made of fibers that contract when a nerve tells it to move.

67
Q

What is skeletal muscle attached to?

A

Attached to bones to create movement

68
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Found in the heart

69
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Found in hollow organs such as the stomach, and blood vessels.

70
Q

What do nerves provide?

A

Provides sensitivity & communication

71
Q

What is the basic never cell called:

A

Neuron

72
Q

Neuron body:

A

Nucleus and dendrites

73
Q

What are dentrites?

A

Respond to neurotransmitters from other nerve cells.

74
Q

What conducts nerve impulses?

A

Axons

75
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or a pull

76
Q

What are the 2 responses to force?

A

Elastic & Plastic

77
Q

Elastic Response:

A
  • Small load
  • Load removed: Material returns to original shape.
78
Q

Plastic Response:

A

Deformation remains

79
Q

What is axial force?

A

Forced that acts on the long axis of a structure.

80
Q

Compression force:

A

A crushing or squeezing force.

81
Q

Tension force:

A

Pulling or stretching the tissues.

82
Q

Shear force:

A

Tends to cause sliding or displacement.

83
Q

Bending:

A

Compression and tension

84
Q

Torsion:

A

Tension circumferentially (twisting)

85
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

Realignment or remodeling of the scar tissue according to the tensile forces to which that scar is subjected.

86
Q

Acute injury:

A
  • Traumatic
  • Sudden onset
  • Results from a single force
  • Macrotrauma
86
Q

Chronic injury:

A
  • Overuse
  • Gradual onset
  • Results from repeated loading
  • Microtrauma
86
Q

Skin injuries, contusions, sprains, trains and nerves are…

A

Acute soft-tissue injuries

87
Q

What are avulsions?

A

A partial tearing away of the skin

88
Q

What are blisters?

A

Accumulation of fluid between dermis & epidermis

89
Q

Contusion is

A

Bruise, the onset is acute & the mechanism is compression

90
Q

Contusions signs and symptoms are:

A
  • Localized pain
  • Ecchymosis (discoloration)
  • Decreased ROM
  • Swelling (edema)
  • Nerve compression
91
Q

What is a STrain?

A

Stretch or tear of a muscle or tendon, onset is acute & tension force

92
Q

Damage to Fibers: Stretching
Weakness/LOF: Mild
Swelling: Mild
ROM: Decreased

A

1st Degree Strain

93
Q

Damage to Fibers: Partial Tearing
Weakness/LOF: Moderate
Swelling: Moderate
ROM: Decreased

A

2nd Degree Strain

94
Q

Damage to Fibers: Full tear
Weakness/LOF: Severe
Swelling: Severe
ROM: Depends on swelling

A

3rd Degree Strain

95
Q

What is a SPrain?

A

Stretch or tear of ligament, onset is acute, mechanism is tension & concern is unstable joint

96
Q

Damage to ligament: Stretching
Laxity: Minimal to none
Weakness/LOF: Mild
Edema: Mild
ROM: Decreased

A

1st Degree Sprain

97
Q
A

Sports Med (6 decks)

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