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U.S. History > Unit 3 - The Constitution > Flashcards

Unit 3 - The Constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation:

A
  • No chief executive
  • Inability to tax states
  • Inability to regulate trade
  • Inability to raise an army/navy
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2
Q

Successes of the Articles of Confederation:

A
  • Winning Independence
    • raise an army
    • appointed George Washington as commander
    • alliance with france
    • Treaty of Paris
  • Land Ordinance of 1785
    • Plan to survey new land (land rich, money poor)
  • Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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3
Q

Characteristics of Shay’s Rebellion: (Who, why, significance)

A

Who: Massachusetts farmer, Revolutionary War veteran (Daniel Shay)
Why: States raised taxes and refused to print more money and invalid farm evictions/ foreclosures.
Significance: Exposed weaknesses of the articles and a weak central government and highlighted the need for a new government.

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4
Q

What was the Annapolis Convention?

A

5 states meet to revise articles—> at convention realized there is a need for a whole new government document

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5
Q

What was the Constitutional Convention: (What was it, where, and people there)

A
  • Delegates from 12 states would meet to create a new governing document.
  • Was in Philadelphia
  • James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin. (All white, male, wealthy, property owners, educated, and writers/lawyers.)
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6
Q

Characteristics of the New Jersey Plan:

A
  • William Patterson
  • Revise Articles
  • Unicameral - Favored by smaller states
  • Bases of rousseau’s social Contract - One States= One Vote
  • Legislative checks executive, executive checks Judicial - Same influence as larger states
  • direct voting for 1 legislator
  • Equal representation among states
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7
Q

Characteristics of the VA Plan:

A
  • Madison/ Randolph
  • Abolish the articles
  • Bicameral - * Favored by larger states*
  • Based on Montesquieu separation of powers - Higher population= More influence
  • Legislate picks judicial and executive
  • Direct and Indirect vote for legislature
  • Representation based on population
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8
Q

Characteristics of the Great Compromise:

A
  • Roger Sherman (Conn)
  • 2 House (Va Plan)
  • Lower house, Elected by people, based on population (Va Plan)
  • Upper house, Elected by state legislature, equal among all states (NJ Plan)
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9
Q

Characteristics of the Three-Fifths Compromise (Northern States):

A
  • Slaves not counted for representation
  • Slaves should be counted for taxes.
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10
Q

Characteristics of the Three-Fifths Compromise (Southern States):

A
  • Slaves should count for representation
  • Slaves should not be counted for taxes
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11
Q

Outcomes of the Three-Fifths Compromise:

A
  • 3 out of every 5 slaves counted towards population and will be texas.
  • Southern States Benefited from this because more population= more representation in the electoral college.
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12
Q

Characteristics of the Slave Trade and Commerce Compromise: (Northern States):

A
  • End international slave trade
  • Congress should regulate trade/tariffs
  • Do not return runaways
    (immortality of slave trade and retune runaways, protect industry from high tariffs)
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13
Q

Trade and Commerce Compromise (Southern States):

A
  • Continue international slave trade
  • States regulate trade/tariffs
  • require northern states to return runaways
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14
Q

Outcomes of the Trade and Commerce Compromise

A
  • International Slave trade ends in 20 years (1808)
  • Congress regulates trade and tariffs
  • Fugitive slave law= must return runaways
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15
Q

What features in the Constitution could be used to weaken slavery?

A
  • Slave trade compromise
  • Preamble: secure blessing of liberty
  • Congress regulates territories
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16
Q

What features in the Constitution could be used to strengthen slavery?

A
  • 3/5ths compromise
  • 5th amendment- right to property
  • 10th amendment- powers given to states
  • Fugitive slave law (must return runaways)
17
Q

Federalists in the ratification debate:

A
  • In favor of constitution
  • authors: Madison, Hamilton, Jay
  • purpose: convince states to ratify
  • theme: Strong central government was necessary for the survival of the republic
    Government power that is divided and separated will remain limited.
18
Q

Anti-Federalists in the ratification debate:

A
  • Does Not support the constitution → want a bill of rights to make sure the - the government isn’t all powerful.
  • Mason and Henry
19
Q

What were the Federalist Papers, who authored them and why were they important to the ratification debate?

A
  • Papers written by madison, hamilton and jay ( 85 essays)
  • Important as the papers convinced many states to ratify.
20
Q

Why were Virginia and New York important during the ratification debate?

A

They were important because they are middle states and if one does not ratify there is a divide between the country and one represents small states while the other represents larger states.

21
Q

People against the Bill of Rights:

A
  • separation of powers and checks and balances will protect
  • fair election
  • rights not listed are not protected
21
Q

People for the Bill of Rights:

A
  • Experiences under british rule
  • additional security against an abusive government
    -n continue tradition from the declaration of independence and revolution
22
Q

What two documents helped to shape our Bill of Rights?

A
  • Masons Virginia declaration of rights
    *adopted in June of 1776
    *Fair trial
    *Freedom of speech and religion
    *Create a militia- right to bear arms
  • Jefferson’s statute of religious freedom
    written in 1777
    I    deals adopted after the revolution
    *freedom of religion as an unalienable right
    *ended taxes support for churches
    *End religious qualification for voting/ office holding.
23
Q

Provide examples of how the founding fathers insured Limited Government.

A

Bill of rights
Checks and balances
Federalism

24
Q

Provide examples of how the founding fathers limited democracy.

A

Electoral college
Indirect voting for senators
Supreme court Justices appointed, not elected

25
Q

What is federalism?

A

Distribution of power between states and federal government

26
Q

What is separation of powers?

A

Powers distributed between 3 branches of government

27
Q

What is the system of checks and balances?

A

The 3 branches check each others powers, no one branch has more power over other branches

28
Q

Judicial powers:

A
  • interpret the law
  • determine the constitutionality of the law and apply it to individual cases
29
Q

Executive Powers:

A
  • Negotiate and sign treaties
  • executive orders
  • veto/ sign bills
  • enforce laws
  • commander in chief during war
30
Q

Legislative Powers:

A
  • Make/ Propose laws
  • Declare war
  • Regulate interstate commerce
  • Control taxing and spending
  • Create budgets
31
Q

Key people and their roles:

A
  1. James Madison: Va Plan. Federalist
  2. Roger Sherman: Great Compromise
  3. Alexander Hamilton: Federalist, wrote federalist papers
  4. John Jay: Wrote federalist papers, federalist
  5. George Washington: Chairman of Constitutional convention, supports strong central government
  6. George Mason: Anti- federalist, Va delegate
  7. Patrick Henry: Anti- federalist, Va delegate

U.S. History (10 decks)

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