Unit 2 - Revolution and Independence

Question 1

What territory was at stake during the French and Indian War?

Answer 1

North America was disputed over, specifically the Land East of the Mississippi River and West of the Appalachian Mountains. Fought over by the French and English.

Question 2

What did colonists do in the French and Indian War?

Answer 2

The colonists helped to fight and pay for the war effort. They also helped to raise troops.

Question 3

What did George Washington do in the French and Indian War?

Answer 3

Was a leader in the French and Indian War. Forced to surrender at Fort Necessity (Pa frontier.)

Question 4

What was the Albany Plan?

Answer 4

Proposed by Benjamin Franklin, the Albany Plan called for colonial cooperation in tax collection and raising troops. Some colonies cooperate, others did not.

Question 5

How did the British view the colonists’ performance in the war?

Answer 5

The British had a low view of the colonists and their contributions.

Question 6

What was the connection between the War and and British taxes that were passed after the war?

Answer 6

The war was very costly for Britain, so much so their treasury was on the verge of bankruptcy. They had to pay off their debts by taxing the colonists and making stricter trade policies.

Question 7

What was the reason for the Proclamation Line in 1763?

Answer 7

The Proclamation Line was established to bring peace amongst colonial settlers and Native Americans. The Proclamation Line border prohibited any colonial expansion to the west of the line.

Question 8

What was the colonists’ reaction to the Proclamation Line?

Answer 8

Colonists were angry and chose to ignore the Proclamation Line.

Question 9

What was the purpose of the Stamp Act?

Answer 9

The purpose of the Stamp Act was to raise money to pay for the French and Indian War. (Britain levied taxes on all paper products that had a stamp.)

Question 10

What was the colonists’ reaction and argument to the Stamp Act?

Answer 10

Colonists resented having to pay a tax without consent. They boycotted taxed goods, Sons of Liberty stopped paper products from coming into ports, and a newly formed Congress argued no taxation without representation.

Question 11

What was the purpose of the Townshend Act?

Answer 11

To continue to pay back debts from the French and Indian War, a tax was placed on more items such as glass, lead, paper, and tea.

Question 12

What was the colonists’ reaction and argument to the Townshend Act?

Answer 12

Colonists continued to argue no taxation without representation and organized boycotts.

Question 13

What was the purpose of the Tea Act?

Answer 13

It was designed to support the East India company by placing taxes on tea.

Question 14

What was the colonists’ reaction to the Tea Act?

Answer 14

The Sons of Liberty organized the dumping of 340 chests of tea into the harbor costing 1.7 million (today’s dollars) while a crowd watched in approval.

Question 15

What was the purpose of the Quartering Act and its connection to the Boston Massacre?

Answer 15

The purpose of the Quartering Acts were to find places to keep soldiers stationed in the colonies. (Colonists had to house and provide for the soldiers.) Parliament was trying to keep peace amongst the colonists. The Boston massacre may have even occurred because of the frustration about the Quartering Acts.

Question 16

Who propagandized the Boston Massacre and why?

Answer 16

Sam Adams, Paul Revere, and the Sons of Liberty propagandized the Boston Massacre to stir more protest.

Question 17

What was the purpose of the four parts of the Intolerable Acts?

Answer 17

The Intolerable Acts were supposed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party by closing ports and suspending the Mass. State legislature. They also issued a new Quartering Act. British soldiers were also charged for injustices in England and not in the colonies.

Question 18

What happened during the Boston Tea Party? Who carried it out and why did it happen?

Answer 18

340 chests of tea were dumped into the harbor during the Boston Tea Party. This was in response to the Tea Act, and the Sons of Liberty organized the event.

Question 19

What was the purpose of the Committee of Correspondence?

Answer 19

The Committee of Correspondence was meant to enhance communication among colonial leaders.

Question 20

What were some main decisions made during the First Continental Congress?

Answer 20

(12 out of the 13 colonies attended.) The First Continental Congress crafted a response to the Intolerable Acts, formally protested Parliament Actions, and tried to look for ways to bring reconciliation.

Question 21

What did Radicals argue for at the First Continental Congress?

Answer 21

(Led by Patrick Henry from Va, and John and Sam Adams from Mass.)
- Most forceful with concessions.
- Demanded apologies and repeal of taxes.
- Demand return of self government.
- Confident in American unity.

Question 22

What did the Moderates argue for at the First Continental Congess?

Answer 22

(Led by John Dickinson from Pa.)
- Mild statement of protest.
- Recognized valuable economic ties between America and Britain.
- Americans want a peaceful resolution.

Question 23

What did Conservatives argue for at the First Continental Congress?

Answer 23

(Led by John Jay from New York.)
- Wait and see approach
- Fearful of alienating Britain.
- Believed armed conflict was unwinnable.
- Skeptical of American commitment to resisting British actions.

Question 24

Describe the Battle of Lexington and Concord:

Answer 24

British soldiers were sent to Concord (outside of Boston) to seize colonial weapons. British troops were ambushed on their way back to Boston. Started the Revolutionary War. Patriots claim victory.

Question 25

Describe the Battle of Bunker Hill:

Answer 25

British attacked a colonial militia outside of Boston. British take the hill but lose 1000 men, while colonies lose less than 250. Patriots claim victory.

Question 26

What happened at the Second Continental Congress?

Question 27

Why did it take so long for leaders to support Independence?

Question 28

What were some main ideas of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?

Question 29

What kind of impact did various leaders have during the American Revolution?

Question 30

How did the Declaration of Independence connect to enlightenment ideas?

Question 31

Who was the intended audience of the Declaration of Independence and why?

Answer 31

The document was meant for the colonists to read and to gain support from other countries–specifically France.

Question 32

Why was the grievance that blamed the King for the international slave trade removed? Which set of colonies insisted on its removal?

Question 33

What are the differences between loyalists and patriots?

Question 34

Were Africans and American Indians of the loyalist or patriot side? Why?

Question 35

What were some strengths of the British war effort?

Question 36

What were some weaknesses of the British war effort?

Question 37

What were some tactics and strategies used by the British during the Revolutionary War?

Question 38

What were some strengths of the American war effort?

Question 39

What were some weaknesses of the American war effort?

Question 40

What were some tactics and strategies used by the Americans during the Revolutionary War?

Question 41

Why was the Battle of Saratoga the turning point in the war?

Question 42

What were the key results of the Battle of Yorktown?

Question 43

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?

Question 44

What were the social effects of the war? (Including impacts on women and slavery.)

Question 45

What were the contributions of Washington during this time frame?

Answer 45

Leader of the Continental Army.

Question 46

Contributions of Jefferson:

Answer 46

Wrote the Declaration of Independence.

Question 47

Contributions of John Adams:

Answer 47

Defended soldiers at the beginning of the fight for Independence, but later became a radical at Continental Congress.

Question 48

Contributions of Sam Adams:

Answer 48

Leader of the Sons of Liberty.

Question 49

Contributions of Benjamin Franklin:

Answer 49

Came up with the Albany Plan, made an alliance with France, and helped to make the Treaty of Paris.

Question 50

Contributions of Paul Revere:

Answer 50

He propagandized the Boston Massacre and warned colonists of British arrival at Lexington/Concord.

Question 51

Contributions of John Dickinson:

Answer 51

Was a moderate in the Continental Congress.

Question 52

Contributions of Thomas Paine:

Answer 52

Wrote and published Common Sense.