Unit 3 Test: World War I Flashcards
Who were part of the Triple Entente?
England, France, Russia etc.
Who were part of the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy/Ottoman Empire
Who were neutral in the war?
Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, USA (1917)
What was the spark of WWI?
- Serbia was controlled by Austria-Hungary
- ArchDuke Ferdinand is assassinated by Black Hand Terrorist group
- Gavrilo Princip assassinates the ArchDuke
What are the 4 important words of this unit?
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
- Militarism
- Balance of power system
What is Imperialism?
a nation’s attempt to gain control of weaker nations
What is Nationalism?
extreme loyalty to a nation & concern for its welfare
What is Militarism?
a nation’s policy to maintain strong armed forces
What is Balance of Power System?
making alliances with other countries
What was the Von Schlieffen Plan?
- In case of the outbreak of the war, Germany would attack France first and then Russia
- Counterclockwise attack
- Germany fights two front war
- A man named Von Schlieffen creates this plan to stop Germany from splitting in half for war
Doughboys:
Americans were known as doughboys, because they were fresh into the war on 1917 and innocent
Who was the first to use poison gas in warfare?
Germany in 1915
What was 60% of battlefield casualties caused by?
exploding shells and artillery fire
What also killed a lot of soldiers either than poison gas?
Disease & Famine
What was the life expectancy in the trenches?
6 weeks
What were some key battles of WWI?
- Verdun 1916: France
- Somme 1916: France
- Gallipoli 1916: Ottoman Empire
- Passchendaele 1917: Belgium
What happened with the Lusitania?
- German submarine torpedoes the British passenger ship Lusitania
How many people were killed in the Lusitania?
1,198 passengers, 128 Americans
When did the Germans attack the Lusitania?
May 17, 1915
What was the Lusitania carrying?
4 million rounds of ammunition
What was the Lusitania set sailed to do?
the ship set sail to England and back to bring weaponry and artillery from America to England
Why did the Germans decide to attack the Lusitania?
Germans did not like the fact that the US was selling weapons to England as well as the Germans at the same time
What was the Christmas Truce of December 1914 on the Western Front?
- Soldiers from both sides met up together for Christmas
- They played soccer, smoked cigarettes, & exchanged food & gifts
- Held this in Belgium, border of France
What was Wilson’s 3 P’s?
- Preparedness
- Peace
- Prosperity
Who was Vlaimir Lenin?
Lenin overthrows the Romanov dynasty and turns Russia into a communist country
What does Lenin promise the Russian people?
- Peace
- Land
- Bread
How does Lenin’s control over Russia effect WWI?
- Allied powers lose the Eastern Front
- People now beg for US to help allied powers
What was the Sussex Pledge?
- promise made by Germany to the US in 1916
- said that they would cease passenger ship attacks without warning
Why was the US Team British and not Team Germany?
- American Economic Interests
- American Idealism
- American Security
What was the Spark of US Entry in WWI?
- UK intercepts telegram about Germany’s plan which was for Mexico to attack the US
- This telegram was sent to Wilson and was published in US newspapers
- Wilson now asks Congress to declare war
What does AEF stand for?
American Expeditionary Force
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Head of Germany
Otto Von Mismark
Head of German Army
Arthur Zimmerman
State Secretary for Foreign Affairs for Germany
Barron Manfred Von Richthoven
Red Baron (top pilot in German air force)
Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
heir to the Austria-Hungary throne (son of Habsburg)
Kaiser Franz Joseph Habsburg
ruler of Austria Hungary
Czar Nicholas II
Leader of Russia
Romanoff
Dynasty of Russia, ruled for over 300 years
Vladimir I. Lenin
overthrew the Romanoff Dynasty and ruled Russia
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
David Lloyd George
Prime Minister of England (heads Congress)
George V
King of England
Poincare
President of France
Georges Clemenceau
Key negotiator of France
Vittorio Orlando
Key negotiator of Italy
King Victor Emanuel
Head of Italy
Woodrow Wilson
President of US
Marhal Foch
US General
John J. “Black Jack” Pershing
US Gerneral
What year did WWI start and end in?
1914-1918
What new technologies and weapons were introduced during this war?
machine guns, tanks, poison gas, flamethrower, potato smasher
What were the major events that brought America into WWI?
- Unrestricted Submarine Warfare by Germany
- Zimmerman Note
- Sussex Pledge by Germany
- Sinking of the Lusitania
- Freedom of the Seas
What was the final event that pushed US on the edge to declare war?
Zimmermann telegram
How did Americans back in the home front help contribute in WWI?
- Liberty Bonds
- War Industries Board
- Draft
What were Liberty Bonds?
- a war bond that was sold in the US to support the allied cause
- this loaned the government money to help pay for the costs of wartime military operations
What was the War Industries Board?
a- federal agency created by Wilson to ensure adequate and efficient production of wartime supplies once the US officially enters into WWI
- also help coordinate the purchase of war supplies between Army and Navy department
What was the War Labor Board?
- peacefully settled labor disputes in order to prevent strikes in war industries
- mediated the conflicts between labor and industry
What was the Shipping Board?
task was to increase the # of US ships supporting the WWI efforts
What was the Selective Service Act of 1917?
All males between 21-30 were required to register for the draft
How did the US finance the war?
- Income Tax
- Excise Tax
- Liberty Bonds
What is income tax?
tax levied by a government directly on income, especially an annual tax on personal income
What is excise tax?
an indirect tac on specific goods, services and activities
What was the Treaty of Brest-Liitovsk?
a peace treaty signed between the Soviet Russia and Central Powers to exit Russia out of WWI
What was the Espionage Act of 1917?
sought to track down on wartime activities considered dangerous and disloyal
What was the Sedition Act of 1918?
it was for anyone who was found guilty of criticizing the government’s war policy or hindering wartime directives could be sent to jail
What were the African-American positions at the time?
they flocked northward in greater numbers in the hope of winning industry jobs
Who were the Big 4 Countries and People?
- England (David Lloyd George)
- USA (Woodrow Wilson)
- France (Georges Clemenceau) → “The Tiger”
- Italy (Vittorio Orlando)
What did the British want out of the Paris Peace Conference?
- Wants to maintain status as #1 in the world
- Wants Germany to pay for war
What did the Italians want out of the Paris Peace Conference?
- Wants land in Europe
- Wants land overseas
What did the Americans want out of the Paris Peace Conference?
- Wants to create a “just and lasting peace”
- Wilson’s 14 Points
What did the French want out of the Paris Peace Conference?
- Make Germany pay for war
- Want to take back industrial basin in Germany (Alsace-Lorraine)
- Does not want Germany to produce any more weapons and technology
- France wants to take over overseas German colonies
What were 5/14 Wilson’s Points?
- League of Nations
- Freedom of the Seas
- No Secret treaties
- Free Trade
- End of Militarism
What were 5 things that was part of the Treaty of Versailles?
- Germany loses all colonies overseas
- Germany can not have any military weapons or technology
- The map of Europe will be redrawn by the Allies
- League of Nations
- Germany must admit sole responsibility of WWI
How did the Allied powers punish Germany?
- War Guilt
- Reparations
- Reduction of Germany
- Loss of Alsace & Lorraine
- Loss of colonies to Allies
What were WWI’s long lasting legacies?
- Woman taking over men jobs and home-front which allows for women to later vote
- technology and medical advancements
- led to the fall of the 4 great imperial countries (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, Britain)
What were the overall results of WWI?
- 10 million killed and 20 million wounded
- cost of war was over $350B
- Communism in Russia
- Economic woes bring Great Depression
- Changing map of Europe
- USA emerged as leading world power
Key Points of WWI
- 1914 - 1918
- Triple Alliance and Central Powers
- USA enters in 1917
- Peace Treaty is signed in 1919
