Unit 2 Test: Imperialism Flashcards
What is Imperialism?
it is exerting control over another nation by colonial acquisition, trade, political, and economic policies…..or empire building
Josiah Strong:
- American Protestant clergyman
- leader of the Social Gospel movement
- wrote “Our Country”
Rudyard Kipling:
- English journalist, novelist, poet, and short-story writer
- wrote “The White Man’s Burden”
Alfred Mahan:
- wrote “The Influence of Sea power Upon History”
- a US naval officer and historian
What was one possible avenue to American expansion?
- seize lands held by other foreign powers
What year did Spanish hold Cuba?
1898
Since when has Cuba been in open revolt against being ruled?
1895
What is yellow journalism?
a practice of using sensational headlines to sell newspapers
Who is William Randolph Hearst
Journalist for the New York Journal
Who is Joseph Pulitzer?
Journalist for New York World
Who was the Spanish General Valeriano Weyler?
- held concentration camps
- 300,000 people suffered starvation & abuse
What was the De Lome Letter?
- February 1898: Lome (Spanish minister to US) wrote a stinging letter about McKinley
- letter was stolen and Hearst published it
- De Lome was called back to Spain and Spanish government apologized
What happened to the USS Warship Maine?
- destruction of ship in Cuba on February 17, 1898
- 258 Americans died
- spark of war with Spain
- event sensationalized by yellow journalism
What happened during the Spanish-American War in Cuba?
- lasted 113 days
- US army severely outnumbered
- led by General William Shafter
- men died mostly from yellow fever
How was Teddy Roosevelt relavent during this time?
- resigned as Assistant Secretary of the Navy
formed a regiment called Rough Riders - stormed San Juan Hill
What was the Tenth Cavalry Regiment?
- the “forgotten” part of the Rough Rider’s legend which was that they had been aided by the all-black 10th Cavalry Regiment
Who was the Rough Riders led by?
Leonard Wood, but organized by Teddy Roosevelt
What were reasons to imperalize?
- desire for power
- cultural motices
- economic motives
- White Man’s Burden
- military motives
Where was Spain’s Pacific fleet located?
Philippines (Manila Bay)
Which Admiral attacked Manila Bay?
Admiral George Dewey
Where were the 3 areas of battle?
- Cuba
- Puerto Rico
- Philippines
What was the result of the Spanish-American War?
Spanish General Admiral Pascual Cervera was forced out of Santiago and defeated at sea by American Admiral William T. Sampson
What was the result of the Treaty of Paris?
- US gets the islands of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico (Caribbean)
- Cuba remains independent (with heavy US influence)
- Spain is awarded $20M for its losses from the US
What were some US Anti-imperialist Critiques?
- US seems hypocritical to many –> we condemn European empire building, now we are creating our own
- War was supposed to be about liberating Cuba, not conquering/acquiring the Philippines
What was the cost of the Spanish American War?
- Spain & US signed a peace treaty in Paris on December 10, 1898 & established the independence of Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico & Guam to US, who gave Spain $20M
- US spent $250M & lost 3,000 lives
- 90% = diseases
What was the Platt Amendment?
treaty between the US and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba’s independence from foreign intervention
How was the US able to acquire Alaska?
- US bought Alaska for 2 cents an acre from Russia in 1876
- purchased for $7.2M
- championed by William Henry Seward, the secretary of state under President Andrew Johnson
What came out of Hawaii that was the most important for the US?
sugar
What was the McKinley Tariff?
raised taxes on imported sugar
What is coup d’etat?
the removal and seizure of a government & its powers. Typically, it is an illegal, unconstitutional seizure of power by a political faction, the military or dictator
Who is Sanford B. Dole?
- Hawaiian businessman
- Helped overthrow Queen Liliuokalani
- Helped get USA to annex Hawaii as a territory
- First territorial governor of Hawaii
Who is Queen Lili’uokalani
- Last reigning queen and sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom until 1893
- Provided for the care of orphaned children of Hawaiian blood and other destitute children
- Scholar, musician, and composer
What countries were part of the Spheres of Influence?
- Germany
- England
- France
- Russia
- Japan
Boxing Rebellion:
- 1900
- Chinese nationalist (the First of Righteous Harmony / Boxers) attacked Western property and Christians
- A multinational force of five nations, including the US, invaded China to put down the rebellion
- China forced to pay the US $330 million
- The BOXER REBELLION marked the first time US armed forces invaded another continent without aiming to acquire the territory
What was the Open Door Policy?
US Secretary of State John Hay - requested that all nations agree to free trade with China
Russo-Japanese War:
- disputes over Manchuria
- war went poorly for Russia
- TR wanted peace –> meeting in NH to negotiate a peace treaty
- TR got a noble peace prize for his efforts
- Japan is now a global power
The Battle of Tsushima:
final naval battle of the Russo-Japanese War
What places did the US control at the end of the 1800s?
- Alaska
- Hawaii
- Guam
- Philippines
- American Samoa
What was the Monroe Doctrine of 1823?
declared the Western Hemisphere forever free from European expansion
What did the Great White Fleet contain?
4 destroyers and 16 battleships
Roosevelt Corollary 1904:
The US would intervene in any Latin American country engaged in chronic wrongdoing
Disadvantages and advantages to creating a Canal in Panama:
DA: mountainous terrain and thick forests
A: short isthmus & largely at sea level
Disadvantages to creating a Canal in Nicaragua:
- volcanic activity
- longer distance
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty:
agreeing never to build a canal, so neither nation could benefit over the other
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty:
Allowed the US to build and fortify the canal providing the US agreed to charge all nations the same fees to use the canal
Hay Herran Treaty:
Granted US permission to lease a 6 mile strip of land at an annual fee
Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty:
granting the US a 10 mile strip of land
What year did the US start the construction of the Panama Canal?
1907
Who solved the issue regarding diseases, yellow fever, and malaria?
Dr. Walter Reed & William Gorga
What year was the Panama canal completed and how much did it cost?
1914 & $345M
