Unit 3 test Flashcards
How have pelagic environment organisms adapted to avoid being prey? (2 ways)
Mobility
swimming speed
adaptations
What is a “school”? List 2 advantages of schooling
A school is where they are all in one group traveling together Advantages (They are able to get away from predators and find food better, their confusing to predators)
Describe the 3 types of symbiotic relationships and give one example of each
Commensalism
One species is benefit and other is not harmed or helped
Shark and remora
Mutualism
Both species benefit
Clownfish and sea anemone
Parasitism
One host is negatively affected
Icopod living in fishes mouth
Distinguish between lungers and cruisers and give one example of each
LUNGERS
Organisms that sit and wait from the prey and lung to get them
grouper
CRUISERS
Tuna
Actively seeking prey always swimming
Describe the types of muscle tissue (red or white) that is found in each from #5.
Grouper
White muscle tissue
Cruiser
Red muscle tissue
Define poikilothermic and homeothermic.
Poikilothermic
Body temp is same as environment
Homeothermic
Body has a way to regulate their body temperature (Faster, better vision)
Deep-water nekton’s food sources are either ___ or ___
Detritus or eachother
What is bioluminescence? Name 2 ways it is useful.
When organisms can biologically produce light (Normally deep sea)
2 ways -
Communication
Attracting prey
Marine organisms that are not small and do not float have to stay above the ocean floor. Name 2 things that help them achieve this.
Swim bladders and Buoyancy
Typically, slow-moving fish have swim bladders and very active swimmers usually do not have swim bladders. True or false?
False
Name 5 characteristics of mammals
Warm blooded
Breath air
Have hair
Bare live young
Nurse live young
What are the 4 main types of marine mammals?
Define each type. Give examples of each.
Cetaceans
- Dolphins, whales, porpoises
Fissipeds
- Polar bears and sea otters
Cerenians
-Manatees and dugongs
Pinnipeds
-Sealions, Walrus, Seals
Distinguish between pinnipeds and fissipeds
Fissipeds only rely on ocean for their survival but pinnipeds completely live in the ocean most of the time
What is unique about a sea otter? Polar bears? Walruses?
SEAOTTERS - They don’t have a thick layer of blubber
POLAR BEAR - Have a snout that warms air before entering lungs
WALRUSES -
Grow long tusks that help them adapt to Artic life
What are 3 differences between seals and sea lions?
Seals - ear holes, short front flippers, Short back legs
Sea lions - Ear flaps, long front flippers, big back legs
What are 2 differences between manatees and dugongs?
Manatees - found in tropical Atlantic ocean, larger
Du gongs - Indian ocean, smaller
Describe 5 physical characteristics of cetaceans (whales)
Insulated with blubber
Cigar body shape
Horizontal tail
Come up for air
Have a blow hole or 2
Describe the whale’s diving ability compared to that of a human’s in terms of oxygen usage, muscular adaptations and nitrogen narcosis
- They have more capillaries that surround their blood vessels to store more oxygen
-They have muscles that don’t get tired quickly making it easier to dive deeper - When humans dive it increases the nitrogen in their body causing pressure to get dizzy or pass out, whales seem to hold the pressure better
What are the 2 types of whales and give 3 examples of each
Baleen whales
Blue , humpback, gray
Toothed whales
Dolphin, sperm, Ocra
Name 3 differences between the two types of whales
Baleen whales
- No teeth
- Dont ecolocate
- Less socail
Toothed whales
-Teeth
-Use ecolation
-More social
