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Marine Bio > Unit 1 test > Flashcards

Unit 1 test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What % of our Earth is covered in oceans?

A

70.8%

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2
Q

Name 3 general characteristics of oceans.

A
  • Oceans are essential to all the life forms
  • Water is the major component of nearly every life-form on earth
  • Oceans are a source of food, minerals, and energy, that remains nearly untapped
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3
Q

Earth is the only planet in our solar system with liquid water on its surface.

A

True

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4
Q

Name FIVE reasons why oceans are important to our planet.

A
  1. Oxygen production
  2. Climate regulation
  3. biodiversity
  4. Food source
  5. economics importance
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5
Q

List the four principal oceans. What is the “plus one” ocean?

A

Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Plus one – Southern ocean

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6
Q

List 3 characteristics of Pacific

A

Largest Ocean
Deepest Ocean
Contains many small tropical islands

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7
Q

List 3 characteristics of Atlantic

A

second largest ocean
Separates old world from the new world
Not quite as deep as the pacific

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8
Q

List 3 characteristics of Indian

A
  • Slightly smaller than the Atlantic has about the same depth
  • Mostly in the southern hemisphere
  • Named after its proximity to India
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9
Q

List 3 characteristics of Artic

A

Smallest ocean
Shallowest Ocean
Has a permanent layer of sea ice at the surface

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10
Q

List 3 characteristics of Southern

A
  • Define the meeting of currents near Antarctica called the antarctic coverage
  • This ocean is mixed of the water from the other oceans except the arctic about 50 degrees south of latitude
  • Named for its location in the southern hemisphere
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11
Q

Distinguish between an ocean and sea.

A

Sea’s are smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet

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12
Q

Historically, what were the major seas?

A

Red sea
Persian Gulf
Black Sea
Adriatic sea
Caspian sea
Indian ocean

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13
Q

Name five facts about the Maori people of New Zealand.

A
  • They used and made woven fishing nets
  • There native language is Te Reo
  • After european contact there life expectancy was only 23 and 25
  • They did not have absolute ownership of their land
  • They soon began to convert to Christianity
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14
Q

When did scientists start studying oceans using technology?

A

1930s

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15
Q

Name the islands of the South Pacific (Oceania). Name 2 theories of how scientists think that these chains of islands were discovered.

A

Micronesia, Melonesia, Polynesia
Portauese and/or euorpean explors

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16
Q

In your opinion, what are two reasons why the Rapa Nui people of Easter Island diminished in population?

A
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17
Q

What did the Vikings of Scandinavia discover?

A

The islands of the Atlantic - Iceland, Greenland, and eventually Newfoundland, and Canada

18
Q

Who was James Cook and what did he do?

A

British naval explorer who sailed the seaways and coasts of Canada and conducted 3 expeditions to the pacific ocean

19
Q

Who was Ferdinand Magellan and what did he do?

A

He was a Portuguese explorer who is credited with with masterminding the first expedition to the circumnavigate world

20
Q

How long ago was our sun and solar system formed?

A

4.6 billion years ago

21
Q

Who was James Cook and what did he do?

A

British naval explorer who sailed the seaways and coasts of Canada and conducted 3 expeditions to the pacific ocean

22
Q

Explain the Nebular Hypothesis

A

All bodies in the solar system formed an enormous cloud composed mostly H and He, with only a small percentage of heavy elements as the accumulation of gas and dust revolved around it center it began to contract under its own gravity

23
Q

How did the Sun form? How did Proto-Earth form? How did our moon form?

A
  • The sun formed because of the nebular hypothesis
  • The proto earth formed by Small amounts of the gas and dust created protoplanets which then created proto earth
  • The moon formed when meteorites and comets from space bombarded proto earth
24
Q

How was Proto-Earth different from present-day Earth?

A

Protoearth was larger had no oceans or life and had a uniform composition throughout

25
Q

What is density-stratification?

A

The formation of earth’s atmosphere is related to the formation of the oceans which are both a direct result of density stratification

26
Q

What was Earth’s 1st atmosphere like?

A

Consisted of leftover gasses from the nebula, but those particles were blown out to space by the sun’s solar wind

27
Q

What was Earth’s 2nd atmosphere like? (what is out gassing?)

A

there was very little free oxygen, outgassing is the release of trapped gas or vapor that was previously dissolved

28
Q

How did the oceans form? What are some other possibilities for sources of water?

A

They formed from relent;ess rainfall, hotsprings,

29
Q

How did the oceans become salty?

A

Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and chlorine

30
Q

Why was the presence of oceans critical for the development of life on Earth?

A

Most believe that is where life has begun in the deep ocean

31
Q

What are 3 ideas of how the molecules that started life become available on Earth?

A

The building blocks of life arrived in meteors, comets, or cosmic dust, OR life may have originated around hydrothermal vents or hotsprings on the deep ocean floor, OR life originated in certain minerals that acted as chemical catalysts within rocks deep below earth’s service.

32
Q

According to fossil records, what were the earliest life-forms on Earth?

A

Primitive bacteria

33
Q

What % of our current atmosphere is made up of oxygen?

A

21%

34
Q

Name 2 reasons why oxygen is essential to humans.

A

To burn or oxidize food, protects us from the sun’s harmful rays

35
Q

Describe the Miller-Urey experiment. Why was it significant?!

A

They recreated the earth’s atmosphere to see how life was forming

36
Q

Which evolved first - autotrophs or heterotrophs?

A

Heterotrophs

37
Q

How long did it take for photosynthetic organisms to develop and begin producing abundant FREE oxygen?

A

1 billion years

38
Q

What is the Great Oxidation Event?

A

When earth’s atmosphere become oxygen rich

39
Q

What happened to the early ANAEROBIC bacteria?

A

Became extinct

40
Q

How old is Earth?

A

4.6 billion years

Marine Bio (2 decks)

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