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Patho 2022 > UNIT 3 stuff > Flashcards

UNIT 3 stuff Flashcards

1
Q

TBW

A

total body water (% of body weight)

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2
Q

infants TBW

A

70% low body fat+ low bone mass

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3
Q

male TBW

A

60% More muscle

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4
Q

female TBW

A

50% higher fatty tissue

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5
Q

intracellular (ICF)

A

2/3 TBW

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6
Q

extracellular (ECF)

A

1/3

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7
Q

electrolytes

A

inorganic salts, ALL acids & bases, some proteins

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8
Q

non - electrolytes

A

glucose, lipids, creatine, urea

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9
Q

what bonds are electrolytes held together by ?

A

ionic bonds

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10
Q

are electrolytes capable of conduction electrical currents?

A

yes

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11
Q

major electrolyes

A

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate.

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12
Q

do electrolytes or non electrolytes have greater osmotic power?

A

Electrolytes

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13
Q

average TBW intake

A

60% beverage
30% food
10% metabolism

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14
Q

average TBW output

A

60% urine
28% skin and lungs
8% sweat
4% poop

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15
Q

what type of bonds do non-electrolytes have?

A

covalent bonds

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16
Q

do non electrolytes conduct electricity

A

no

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17
Q

do non electrolytes cause fluid shifts?

A

yes

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18
Q

antidiurectic horomone (ADH)

A

promotes resorption of water into blood from kidney tubles–> controls the amount of fluid that leaves the body in the form of urine.

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19
Q

andosterone

A

determines reabsorption of sodium ions and water from the kidney tubles–> controls amount of fluid leaving body in urine (WHEN IN A FLUID DEFICIT. )

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20
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

regulates fluid, sodium, potassium levels in order to reduce workload of the heart by decreasing the blood pressure.

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21
Q

filtration

A

movement of water from high pressure to low pressure.

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22
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from high concentration to low concentration

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23
Q

how does water move between IVF and ISF

A

hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure.

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24
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes water and solutes out of IVF and into ISF

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25
Q

osmotic pressure

A

Pushes water and solutes in ???

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26
Q

capillary filtration (hydrostatic pressure)

A

weight of water in the capillaries to force water OUT of capillaries INTO interstitial space

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27
Q

capillary colloidal osotic (oncotic) pressure

A

proteins within capillaries PULL water INTO capillaries OUT of interstitial space.

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28
Q

interstital hydrostatic fluid pressure

A

weight of water WITHIN interstitial space to PUSH water OUT of the interstital space INTO the capillaries

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29
Q

interstital colloidal osmotic pressure

A

proteins WITHIN intertital space to PULL water OUT of capillaries INTO interstital space.

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30
Q

In RAAS low blood pressure stimulates the kidney to do what

A

secrete the enzyme renin

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31
Q

renin (what body part? where does enzyme release?)

A

kindey released to blood

32
Q

angiotensionogen (what body part? where does enzyme release?)

A

liver secretes to blood

33
Q

does electrolyte balance involve salt balance?

A

yes

34
Q

what are salts responsible for

A

regulation of fluid movement, cell excitability, membrane permeability, secretory activity.

35
Q

where is sodium most abundent?

A

ECF

36
Q

how do we intake sodium

A

intake through digestive epithelium.

37
Q

how does sodium excrete

A

primarily through pee and sweat

38
Q

renin angiotension 1 and 2 and aldosterone are part of what system

A

RAAS

39
Q

progesterone blocks what?

A

aldosterone effects

40
Q

ADH is made where?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

41
Q

ANP is made where?

A

atrial cells in the heart

42
Q

renin is produced where?

A

kindey

43
Q

aldersterone is found where

A

adrenal glands (directly above kindey)

44
Q

angiiotestion is made where?

A

liver

45
Q

does sodium reabsorb or secrete?

A

resabsorb

46
Q

does potassium reabsorb or secrete?

A

secrete.

47
Q

what is the calcium balance regulated by?

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

48
Q

regulation of calcium balance is most important in what?

A

blood clotting, membrane permeability, cellular secretion, muscle contractions.

49
Q

high PH has an increase of what ions

A

OH- ions

50
Q

Low PH has an increase of what ions

A

H+ ions

51
Q

regulation of acids and bases in the body refers to the control of what ions

A

H+ ions

52
Q

what is the normal blood PH levels

A

7.35-7.45

53
Q

what is the main purpose of buffer systems

A

the main purpose of buffer systems is to prevent rapid change in the PH of body fluids (generally a weak acid + a weak base)

54
Q

what does sodium do clinically

A

help nerve and muscle cell interactions

55
Q

what does chloride do clinically

A

maintain osmotic pressure

56
Q

what does calcium do clinically

A

stabalize cell membrane and reduce permability to sodium, transmits nerve impulses, contracts muscles, and coagulates blood.

57
Q

what does potassium do clincally

A

play imp role in regulation of cell excitability, nerve impulses, resting membrane potential, muscle contraction etc.

58
Q

what does phosphate do clinically

A

essential for energy metabolism; helps calcium w bones and teeth and maintains acid base balance.

59
Q

what does magnesium do

A

acts as a catalyst for enzyme reaction, regulates nuermuscle contractions, promotes normal function of nervous and cardiovascular system. Also aids in protein synthesis and sodium potassium ion transport.

60
Q

edema pathophysiology

A

excess fluid in intersitital spaces

61
Q

isotonic dehydration (lose what)

A

lose fluid and electrolytes.

62
Q

hypotonic dehydration (lose more of what; electrolytes or water

A

lose more electrolytes than water

63
Q

hypertonic dehydration (lose more of what; electrolytes or water)

A

lose more water than electrolytes.

64
Q

what is hyponatremia

A

imbalance of body water and electrolytes

65
Q

what is hypernatremia

A

hypernatremia is when there is an increased sodium levels in blood and ecf

66
Q

what is hypokalemia

A

when pottasium levels drop

67
Q

what is hyperkalemia

A

when pottasium levels rise

68
Q

what acrynom is associated with hyperkalemia

A

murder !

69
Q

what is hyperchloremia

A

excess chloride in ECF

70
Q

what is hypochloremia

A

not enough chloride in ECF

71
Q

the major organ in the body that balances sodium and pottasium in the body

A

kidney

72
Q

increasing blood hydrogen levels causes

A

acidosis

73
Q

is the sodium pottasium pump a buffer system

A

no

74
Q

does increased plasma proteins cause edema

A

no

75
Q

which area in the body monitors and reacts to a change in the hydrostatic pressure of blood

A

brain - hypothalmus

76
Q

what is the role of angiotension 2

A

prevent water loss from the kidneys

Patho 2022 (6 decks)

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