UNIT #3 Sensation And Perception Essential Q And V (P.2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Parallel processing

A

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of info processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and or conscious problem solving

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2
Q

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic theory

A

The theory that the retina contains three different colour receptors-one most sensitive to red, one to green, and one to blue-which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any colour

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3
Q

Opponent Processing Theory

A

The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable colour vision. For example; some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green

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4
Q

Gestalt

A

An organized whole. Geslat psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes

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5
Q

Figure-ground

A

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

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6
Q

Grouping

A

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

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7
Q

Depth perception

A

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance

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8
Q

Visual cliff

A

A laboratory decide for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

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9
Q

Binocular cues

A

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity that depend on the use of two eyes

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10
Q

Retinal disparity

A

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; By comparing images from the retina in the two eyes; the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object

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11
Q

Monocular cues

A

Depth cues such as interposition and linear perspective available to either eye alone

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12
Q

Phi phenomenon

A

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

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13
Q

Perceptual constancy

A

Preceding objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, brightness and colour) even as illumination and retinal images change

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14
Q

Perceptual adaptation

A

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

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15
Q

Audition

A

The sense or act of hearing

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16
Q

Frequency

A

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second)

17
Q

Pitch

A

A tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

18
Q

Inner ear

A

The innermost part of the ear, contains the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs

19
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness

20
Q

Conduction hearing loss

A

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

21
Q

Cochlea implant

A

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

22
Q

Place theory

A

In hearing; the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

23
Q

Frequency theory

A

In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone; the us enabling us to sense its pitch

24
Q

Gate-control theory

A

The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The “gate” is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibres and is closed by activity in larger rivers or by info coming from the brain

25
Q

Kinesthesia

A

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

26
Q

Vestibular sense

A

The sense of body movement and petition including the sense of balance

27
Q

Sensory interaction

A

The principle that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influences its taste

28
Q

Embodied cognition

A

In psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, features and other states on cognitive preference and judgements