Nature/Nurture Cirriculum Guide Q and V Flashcards
Behaviour genetics
The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour
Environment
Every external influence from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
Chromosomes
Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
Genes
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes ; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins
Genome
The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes
Identical twins (monozygotic)
Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organism
Fraternal twins (dizygotic)
Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters but they share a fetal environment
Molecular genetics
The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
Heritability
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied
Interaction
The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environments depends on another factor (such as hereditary)
Epigenetics
The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occurs without a DNA change
Evolutionary psychology
The study of the evolution of behaviour and the mind, using principles of natural selection
Natural selection
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Mutation
A random error in gene replication that leads to a change
